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Anatomy and Physiology > The Central Nervous System > Flashcards

The Central Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The brain is divided into 2 ___________

A

Hemispheres

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2
Q

The ________ is a bundle of axons which connects the 2 hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

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3
Q

The 3 parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Brainstem

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4
Q

The 4 lobes of the Cerebrum

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital

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5
Q

Function of the Frontal Lobe

A

Reasoning, Planning, Parts of Speech, Movement, Motor Cortex (emotions + problem solving)

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6
Q

Function of the Parietal Lobe

A

Voluntary Movement, Orientation, Recognition, Somatosensory Cortex (touch, pain, etc.)

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7
Q

Function of the Temporal Lobe

A

Perception + Recognition Of Auditory Stimuli (memory + speech)

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8
Q

Function of Oppcipital Lobe

A

Visual Processing

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9
Q

Function of the Cerebellum

A

“Little Brain” (Coordination of Voluntary Movement, Posture, And Balance)

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10
Q

Function of the Brainstem

A

Basic Vital Life Functions (Breathing, Digestion, Heartbeat)

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11
Q

The Limbic System Is Known as the “_________ ________”

A

“Emotional Brain”

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12
Q

The Limbic System is buried within the ________

A

Cerebrum

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13
Q

Function of the Thalamus

A

Sensory + Motor (sensory info enters this structure and is then sent to the correct part of the cerebrum)

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14
Q

Function of the Hypothalamus

A

Homeostasis (controls thirst, hunger, sleep rhythms)
Controls Pituitary Gland

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15
Q

Function of the Amygdala

A

Memory, Emotion, Fear

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16
Q

Function of the Hippocampus

A

Learning + Memory (converts short term memory to more permanent memory)

17
Q

Function of the Pituitary Gland

A

Controls release of certain hormones

18
Q

The brain is protected by 4 main parts

A

Skull, Membranes (Meninges), Cerebrospinal Fluid, Blood Brain Barrier

19
Q

Types of Meninges (from Superficial to Deep)

A

Dura Mater—Arachnoid Mater—Pia Mater

20
Q

Structure + Function of the Dura Mater

A

“Tough Mother”, Strongest + Fibrous Meninges, Encloses Dural Sinuses, Collects Venous Blood From The Brain

21
Q

Structure + Function of the Arachnoid Mater

A

Web-Like + Loose Brain Covering, Filled With Cerebrospinal Fluid, Contains Largest Blood Vessels of the Brain

22
Q

Structure + Function of the Pia Mater

A

“Gentle Mother”, Delicate Connective Tissue, Clings to the Brain With Every Movement

23
Q

How Does Cerebrospinal Fluid protect the Central Nervous System

A

Reduces Brain Weight by 97%, Protects Brain + Spinal Chord From Trauma, Nourishes the Brain + Carry Chemical Signals

24
Q

What Happens if Cerebrospinal Fluid Cannot be Drained

A

Hydrocephalus
Babies: skull bones haven’t fused yet
Adults: tumor, brain damage, etc.

25
Q

Solution for Hydrocephalus

A

Doctor Inserts A Shunt That Drains Fluid Into Neck

26
Q

The Blood Brain Barrier is effective for ________

A

Preventing the Brain from Exposure to Blood-Borne Substances (various ions, waste, drugs)

27
Q

The Blood Brain Barrier is ineffective for ________

A

Fatty Acids, Fats, O2 + CO2, Nicotine, Alcohol, and Anesthetics That Can Affect the Brain

28
Q

What is a Concussion

A

Slight Brain Injury, Results in Dizziness

29
Q

What is a Contusion

A

Brain Tissue Destruction, Results in a Coma

30
Q

What is a Stroke

A

Blood Circulation to the Brain is Blocked and Brain Tissue Dies

31
Q

The Spinal Cord is a long bundle of nerves extending from the _____ to the lower back

A

Brainstem

32
Q

The Spinal Cord is surrounded + protected by _______ and ______

A

Membranes + Vertebrae

33
Q

The Spinal Cord carries messages back and forth between the _____ and _____

A

Brain + Body

34
Q

Between the Vertebrae there are _____ that act as cushions for the spine

A

Discs

35
Q

The Nerves in order (from the brainstem to the butt)

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal

36
Q

On the Spinal Chord, the higher up the injury _________

A

The more severe it is

37
Q

How can a blow to the head result in death

A

The Hematoma can expand within the skull and press on the Brain, causing death

Anatomy and Physiology (5 decks)

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