The Cytoskeleton and Cell Division

Question 1

The cytoskeleton

Answer 1

The cytoskeleton gives mechanical support and shape to cells

It consists of different protein structures including microtubules, which are found in all eukaryotic cells.

Question 2

Microtubules

Answer 2

Microtubules are hollow cylinders composed of the protein tubulin.

Formation and breakdown of microtubules involves polymerisation and depolymerisation of tubulin

They radiate from the microtubule organising centre (MTOC) or centrosome

Microtubules control the movement of membrane-bound organelles and chromosomes

Microtubules form the spindle fibres

Question 3

Cell division

Answer 3

Cell division requires the remodelling of the cell’s cytoskeleton

Question 4

Spindle fibres

Answer 4

Microtubules are depolymerised to form the spindle fibres that are active during cell division.

Spindle fibres control the movement of chromosomes during mitotic and meiotic divisions