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biology > The digestive and Excretory system > Flashcards

The digestive and Excretory system Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

what is heterotroph

A

living organisms that cannot synthesis the nutrients for survival

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2
Q

what is ingestion

A

food taken into the body whole or piece by piece

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3
Q

what is mechanical digestion

A

physical- increase surface area- teeth and muscle action

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4
Q

what is chemical digestion

A

enzymes in the stomach and small intestine

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5
Q

what is absorption

A

small molecules products of digestion enter the bloodstream

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6
Q

what is egcstioin

A

non digested food leaves the body

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7
Q

what is digestion

A

breakdown of larger, complex molecules that is gained from our food into smaller molecules that is transported into the blood stream

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8
Q

what are macromolecules

A
  • large molecules found in food nutrients
  • proteins carbs and lipids
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9
Q

what are monomers

A

small molecule products if digestion

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10
Q

what typeof digestive enzyme is for protein

A

proteseas

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11
Q

what typeof digestive enzyme is for carbs

A

amylases

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12
Q

what typeof digestive enzyme is for lipids

A

lipases

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13
Q

what monomers do protein produce

A

amino acids

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14
Q

what monomers do carbs produce

A

glucose

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15
Q

what monomers do lipids produce

A

acid and glycero

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16
Q

organs that secreate the enzymes of protein

A

stomach and pancreas

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17
Q

organs that secreate the enzymes of carbs

A

salivary glands and pancreas

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18
Q

organs that secreate the enzymes of lipids

A

pancrease

19
Q

what is absorption

A

absorption of the digestive products takes place in the small intestine mainly in a section called the iium thought the villi

20
Q

what are the structure of the villi

A
  • the epithelium of each villus endoese the tiny blood vessels (capillaries)
  • in the core is a small vessel called a lacteal- this absorbs the fatty acids and glycerol
21
Q

what transport is done at the villi

A
  • digested products and vitamins from the ileum
  • glucose absorption thought diffusion
  • amino acids and glucose is through active transport
22
Q

what is apart of the digestive system

A
  • gastrointestinal tract
  • structures include:
    -> mouth
    ->esophagus
    ->small intestine
    -> rectum
    ->pharynx
    ->stomach
    -> large intestine
23
Q

what are the mouths functions

A
  • teeth mechanically break down food into smaller pieces
  • tongue mixes food with saliva
24
Q

what are the esophagus functions

A
  • 20cm long
  • secreting mucus
  • peristalisis- muscles movement
25
Q

what are the functions of the stomach

A
  • stores food and breaks it down into pieces
  • mixes food with jucies that contain enzymes
26
Q

what os the function of the small intestine

A
  • 7cm long
  • lining of intestine has finger like projections caused villi to increase surface area
  • covered in microvilli for bigger SA
  • absorbs: 80% water, proteins, carbs, lipids
27
Q

what is the function fo the large intestine

A
  • 1.5 m long
  • absorbs the left over nutrients from the small intestine
  • end of the intestine is the rectum
  • bacterial digestion and fermentation of carbs
  • absorbs additional water
  • concentrates waste
28
Q

what are the functions of the glands

A
  • not part of the ingested foods
  • plays a critical role in digestion
29
Q

what does the liver do

A

produces bile
- acids in the digestion of fat
- filters out toxins and waste
- poisons/ drugs and alcohol

30
Q

what is the role of the kidney

A
  • part of the excretory system
  • filters contents of blood to remove the waster products in our urine
  • reabsorbs any essential products back into the blood stream
31
Q

what are the roles of the nephron

A
  • functional unit of the kidney ‘
  • millions of nephrons in each kidney
  • this is where filtration and reabsorption of molecules occurs
  • has features needed for an exchange surface
32
Q

what are the three feature fo exchange surface

A
  • large SA
  • moist
    -thin
33
Q

what are the functions of the glomeruls

A
  • knotted capillary network coming from the renal artery bringing blood to the kidney to be filtered
  • the blood is traveling under high pressure
34
Q

what are the functions of bowman’s capsule

A
  • beginning of the nephrons containing the small contents from the high blood plasma
35
Q

what are the functions of the tubule

A
  • where the filtrate travels to remove waste
    the substance in the filtrate which are needed by the body are selectively reabsorbed from the tubule
36
Q

what is the collecting duct

A
  • contents remaing in the filtrate is primarily excess water and ions
37
Q

what is waste

A

products the body does not need which is excreted out the body

38
Q

what is metabolism

A

all biochemical reaction carried by living things

39
Q

what is metabolic reaction

A

each biochemical reactions that is part of a cells metabolism is metabolic reaction

40
Q

what is excreation

A
  • some metabolic reaction produce harmful substances called metabolic waste that need to be removed
  • the removal is called excretion
41
Q

function of ureter

A

transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder

42
Q

function of bladder

A

stores the urine

43
Q

function of the urethra

A

transport urine out of the bladder during urination

44
Q

what is ADH

A

causes the kidneys to release less water, decreasing the amount of urine produced

biology (8 decks)

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