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Medical Terminology Words > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea (AAD)

A

diarrhea that is triggered by the use of antibiotics

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2
Q

Abdominal Pain

A

pain in the abdomen

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3
Q

Abdominal Quadrent

A

a segment of the abdomen that is divided by a series of horizontal and vertical lines

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4
Q

Abdominal Wall

A

the boundaries of the abdomen (may include the skin, subcutaneous fat, muscles, and other areas of the body)

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5
Q

Abdominoplasty

A

a surgical procedure where excess fat and skin are removed from the abdomen (also called a tummy tuck)

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6
Q

Acarbose

A

a drug that treats type 2 diabetes (slows down the ability to digest complex carbohydrates)

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7
Q

Achlorhydria

A

a lack of hydrochloric aside in the emission of gasses

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8
Q

Aerophagia

A

when the person swallows more air than needed (may be caused by anxiety or incorrect eating habits)

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9
Q

Ageusia

A

when a person loses the sense of taste

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10
Q

Alimentary Canal

A

a passage point for food that goes from the mouth to the anus

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11
Q

Amino Acid

A

an organic compound that contains carboxyl and amine functioning groups

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12
Q

Amylase

A

enzymes that digests starches (enzyme is mainly in saliva and in the pancreatic fluid)

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13
Q

Anal Canal

A

the end of the large intestine

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14
Q

Anastomosis

A

a link that appears between two bodies

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15
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

an eating disorder that is a loss of appetite, thus causing the person to not eat anything

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16
Q

Antacid

A

a compound that controls acidity in the stomach

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17
Q

Anthelmintic

A

a compound that destroys a parasitic worm

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18
Q

Antidiarrheal

A

a drug that treats diarrhea

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19
Q

Antiemetic

A

a drug that prevents nausea

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20
Q

Anus

A

the opening of the alimentary canal (opening appears between the buttocks)

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21
Q

Appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix

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22
Q

Appendix

A

a small extension that appears off the cecum

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23
Q

Ascites

A

the collection of fluid inside the peritoneal cavity

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24
Q

Ascorbic Acid

A

also known as vitamin C (water-soluble nutrient that may assist in clearing free radicals from the body)

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25
Q

Aspartame

A

an artificial sweetener made from aspartic acid and phenylalanine

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26
Q

Avitaminosis

A

a disease that develops due to the body not getting enough of a certain vitamin

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27
Q

Bariatric Surgery

A

a surgical procedure designed for those who are extremely overweight or obese

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28
Q

Bariatrics

A

actions that focus on helping people who are obese

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29
Q

Berberi

A

a deficiency in thiamin or vitamin B

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30
Q

Bezoar

A

swallowed fibers, hair, and other items that may be found in the alimental canal

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31
Q

Bile

A

a fluid that is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder

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32
Q

Biliary

A

relating to the gallbladder, bile ducts, or bile fluid

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33
Q

Bilirubin

A

an orange-yellow pigment found in bile

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34
Q

Biotin

A

an enzyme co-factor found in living cells (the compound may be found in the kidney and liver rather than most other parts of the body)

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35
Q

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A

a measure in the total body fat in an adult’s body

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36
Q

Bolus

A

a soft mass of food that has been chewed and is ready to be swallowed

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37
Q

Borborygmus

A

the process of belching (a sign that a person has taken in more gas in the body than can be regularly handled)

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38
Q

Botulism

A

a form of food poisoning caused by the Clostridium Botulinum bacterium

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39
Q

Bowel Movement

A

also known as defecation or as BM (a process at the end of the digestive cycle)

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40
Q

Bulimia

A

an eating disorder where a person consumes a large amount of food in a brief period of time

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41
Q

Bulimia Nervosa

A

a form of bulimia where a person binge eats and then purges

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42
Q

Cachexia

A

ill health that is associated with a chronic illness

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43
Q

Caffeine

A

an alkaloid drug found in tea, coffee, and various carbonated beverages

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44
Q

CAH

A

chronic active hepatitis (a condition where a person has hepatitis for at least three months)

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45
Q

Calorie

A

the energy the body requires to increase the temperature of a gram or water by one degree celsius

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46
Q

Capsule Endoscope

A

an endoscope found in a small pill

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47
Q

Carbohydrate

A

an organic compound also known as a carb (starch, cellulose, glucose, and polysaccharides)

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48
Q

Cardia

A

a part of the stomach near the opening from the esophagus to the stomach

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49
Q

Carotene

A

a red or yellow compound found in various vegetables, particularly in leafy veggies, carrots, and sweet potatoes

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50
Q

Casein

A

a milk protein

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51
Q

Cecum

A

the outward area of the large intestine that goes below the first part of the small intestine

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52
Q

Celiac

A

relating to the abdominal opening inside the body

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53
Q

Celiac Disease

A

an autoimmune disorder or gluten-sensitive enteropathy (the body produces an immune reaction to the consumption of gluten)

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54
Q

Cellulose

A

an insoluble compound that produces plant cell walls and vegetable fibers

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55
Q

Cholangitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

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56
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

the development of gallstones in the gallbladder

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57
Q

Cholera

A

a bacterial disease that develops when a person consumes contaminated water

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58
Q

Cholestasis

A

when bile flow is reduced

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59
Q

Chronic Ulcerative Colitis

A

inflammation along the inside of the colon

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60
Q

Chyle

A

a white fluid that comes out of the small intestines and into the lymphatic system

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61
Q

Chylothorax

A

when chyle develops in the thorax

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62
Q

Cirrhosis

A

a condition where the liver experiences degeneration

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63
Q

Colitis

A

inflammation of the colon

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64
Q

Colon

A

the large intestine

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65
Q

Colonoscopy

A

an exam that uses an endoscope to review the inside part of the colon

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66
Q

Colorectal Cancer

A

a malignant growth in the large intestine

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67
Q

Colostomy

A

an opening in the large intestine

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68
Q

Constipation

A

when a person is unable to have regular bowl movements

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69
Q

Corpulence

A

obesity

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70
Q

Craving

A

a desire to consume something

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71
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

inflammation that develops in the intestine

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72
Q

Diarrhea

A

an issue where a person experiences multiple loose bowel movements in one day

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73
Q

Dietary Fiber

A

a carbohydrate that is not digestible through the body’s enzymes

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74
Q

Digestion

A

a process where the body will convert foods into substances that can be absorbed by the body

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75
Q

Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)

A

the exam analyzes the quality of the prostate

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76
Q

Diverticulitis

A

inflammation in the diverticula

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77
Q

Diverticulosis

A

the appearance of many diverticula

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78
Q

Diverticulum

A

a pouch that develops in a saccular organ

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79
Q

Duodenitis

A

inflammation in the duodenum in the small intestine

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80
Q

Duodenum

A

the first part of the small intestine

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81
Q

Dysentery

A

an intestinal infection that causes diarrhea

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82
Q

Dyspepsia

A

difficulties with digesting foods (the digestive tract becomes inflamed)

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83
Q

Dysphagia

A

a condition where a person is unable to swallow properly

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84
Q

EGD

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy- a process that uses an endoscope to identify issues in the upper gastrointestinal tract

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85
Q

Epidermal Growth Factor (ECF)

A

the factor triggers the growth of cells and how they are differentiated

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86
Q

Electrolyte

A

a compound that splits into multiple ions then creates an electrical charge in the body

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87
Q

Elimination

A

a process where a person removes wastes from one’s body

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88
Q

Emetics

A

a concern that relates to patient vomiting

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89
Q

Encopresis

A

when a person is unable to control their bowel movement

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90
Q

Enema

A

a drug that enters the rectum to clear the colon

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91
Q

Enteritis

A

inflammation in the small intestine

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92
Q

Enterocolitis

A

inflammation in the membranes in both the small and large intestines

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93
Q

Enterocytes

A

cells in the small intestine that support the digestion and absorption of nutrients and other compounds

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94
Q

Enterostomy

A

a surgical procedure where the small intestine is adjusted to move to a new opening formed in another segment of the intestine or in the abdominal wall

95
Q

Epiglottis

A

the cartilage that covers the windpipe like a lid that keeps food from entering the trachea

96
Q

Epulis

A

swelling on the gum

97
Q

ERCP

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram

98
Q

Esophageal Achalasia

A

the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

99
Q

Esophageal Varices

A

when the esophagus has or develops wider veins

100
Q

Esophagitis

A

inflammation of the esophagus

101
Q

Esophagus

A

a passage between the stomach and pharynx

102
Q

Eustachian Tube

A

a canal found from the middle ear to the pharynx

103
Q

Feces

A

excrement that is produced through the intestines

104
Q

Flatulence

A

the production of gas in the gastrointestinal tract

105
Q

Gallbladder

A

a small organ in the body near the small intestine and beneath the liver (bile is gathered in the organ)

106
Q

Gallstone

A

a mass that develops in the biliary tract including in the gallbladder

107
Q

Gastralgia

A

pains in the stomach or abdomen

108
Q

Gastrectomy

A

the removal of part or all of the stomach

109
Q

Gastric

A

relating to the stomach

110
Q

Gastric Absorption

A

the process where the stomach takes in various substances

111
Q

Gastritis

A

inflammation of the lining of the stomach

112
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract

113
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

a condition that impacts the lower esophageal sphincter in the stomach

114
Q

Gastrointestinal Tract

A

the digestive structures that go from the mouth to the anus

115
Q

Gastroparesis

A

when the gastric system does not empty properly

116
Q

Gastrostomy

A

a surgical procedure where an outside opening is produced in the stomach

117
Q

Gavage

A

the administration of food or drugs into the body by force

118
Q

Gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

119
Q

Gleason Score

A

a score that identifies the health of the male prostate and a tumor in the area during a test

120
Q

Glossitis

A

inflammation of the tongue

121
Q

Glycemic Index

A

a numerical review that will monitor the blood glucose rate

122
Q

Glycemic Load

A

a value of the food that one consumes that is equal to the glycemic index of the food multiplied by the carbohydrate content within that food

123
Q

Glycine

A

an amino acid that makes up fibroin and gelatin which is considered a nutrient

124
Q

Heartburn

A

a burning sensation in the chest

125
Q

Hematemesis

A

an emergency condition where a person vomits blood

126
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

veins swelling along the bottom part of the anus and rectum

127
Q

Hepatic

A

relating to the liver

128
Q

Hepatits

A

inflammation of the liver

129
Q

Hepatitis A

A

a liver infection triggered by the hepatitis virus (infection spreads from infected food or water)

130
Q

Hepatitis B

A

an infection that develops in the liver after being caused by the hepatitis virus (infection may contract through exposure to infected body compounds

131
Q

Hepatitis C

A

a form of hepatitis virus that is spread through contact with contaminated blood

132
Q

Hepatitis D

A

a liver condition that develops in the body of a person who has the HepB virus

133
Q

Hepatoblastoma

A

a cancerous tumor that develops in the liver

134
Q

Hepatocyte

A

liver cells

135
Q

Hepatoma

A

a malignant tumor in the liver (common type of liver cancer)

136
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

when the liver becomes enlarged

137
Q

Herpes Labialis

A

cold sore produced by the herpese simplex I virus

138
Q

Hyperemesis Gravidarum

A

vomiting that occurs during the early par of pregnancy

139
Q

Hyperphagia

A

overeating

140
Q

IBW

A

ideal body weight

141
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A

the inflammation develops in the digestive tract

142
Q

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

A

the syndrome impacts the large intestine

143
Q

Ileectomy

A

the removal of the ileum

144
Q

Ileitis

A

inflammation of the ileum

145
Q

Ileostomy

A

a procedure where an opening for the ileum appears in the abdominal wall

146
Q

Ileum

A

the narrow part of the small intestine

147
Q

Ileus

A

when the flow of the contents in the intestine are unable to make it through the bowel

148
Q

Intestines

A

the segments in the digestive system that processes food from the stomach into the anal canal (the organs will move wastes through and filter out the nutrients that need to remain in the body)

149
Q

Intussusception

A

a process where the intestine moves into its body (the condition causes bowel obstruction as the passageway starts to narrow)

150
Q

Inulin

A

starch in the roots of various plants

151
Q

Jaundice

A

a condition where the skin/eyes become yellow

152
Q

Jejunal

A

relating to the jejunum

153
Q

Jejunum

A

a part of the small intestine that links the duodenum to the ileum (second part of the small intestine)

154
Q

Labial Mucosa

A

the inside lining in the lips

155
Q

Lactase

A

the enzyme that supports the hydrolysis of lactose to glucose and galactose (required to help the body handle lactose)

156
Q

Lactic Acid

A

an acid produced through the fermentation of carbohydrates found in dairy products, particularly milk

157
Q

Lactose

A

sugar in milk (milk sugar) that include molecules of glucose/ galactose

158
Q

Laxative

A

a compound that softens the material in the bowels

159
Q

Leukoplakia

A

a white patch found on a mucous membrane

160
Q

Lingual

A

relating to the tongue

161
Q

Lipolysis

A

the body’s process of metabolizing fat

162
Q

Liver Function Test

A

a test to identify how the liver responses to damages

163
Q

Lysine

A

an essential amino acid

164
Q

Malabsorption

A

when the body is unable to absorb nutrients appropriately

165
Q

Malnutrition

A

when the body is unable to take in the nutrients it requires

166
Q

Mastication

A

the process of chewing food

167
Q

Megacolon

A

when the colon becomes larger than necessary

168
Q

Melena

A

a black stool that appears due to upper gastrointestinal bleeding

169
Q

Mesenteric

A

involving the double layer of peritoneum that keeps the intestine away from the back part of the abdominal wall

170
Q

Mesentery

A

a double layer of peritoneum

171
Q

Mucositis

A

inflammation in a mucous membrane (such membranes appear mainly in the mouth/ throat areas)

172
Q

Nasogastric

A

a material that is provided by the body by using a tube that is inserted through the nose

173
Q

Nausea

A

a feeling in the stomach that produces discomfort

174
Q

Norovirus

A

a virus associated w/ gastroenteritis

175
Q

Obesity

A

when a person is greatly overweight (excess subcutaneous fat develops under the skin/ visceral fat builds up around the organs)

176
Q

Obstipation

A

constipation that develops and lasts for a while (a person will have 3 or fewer bowel movements in a week)

177
Q

Odynophagia

A

pain when swallowing

178
Q

Omentum

A

a peritoneum fold that connects to the stomach and other organs around the abdominal cavity (tissue covers the liver, intestine, and stomach)

179
Q

Oropharynx

A

a middle part of the pharynx (the area lies behind the mouth and near the soft palate and is known as the throat)

180
Q

Ostomy

A

a surgical procedure to create an opening or stoma in a part of the body

181
Q

Pancreas

A

a gland behind the stomach (produces a juice that enters the intestine to support regular digestive functions and the body’s ability to process nutrients)

182
Q

Pancreatectomy

A

the removal of the pancreas through surgery

183
Q

Parotid Gland

A

a salivary gland found in many bodies

184
Q

Parotitis

A

inflammation in the parotid gland

185
Q

Pecten

A

the narrow spot in the anal canal located in the middle section

186
Q

PEG

A

percutaneous endoscopic gastronomy

187
Q

Pellagra

A

a disease that develops due to a lack of niacin or vitamin B3 (condition may cause dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia

188
Q

Peptic Ulcer

A

an ulcer that develops in the gastrointestinal tract

189
Q

Perihepatitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneal cavity in the liver

190
Q

Peristalsis

A

a movement in the body that is triggered by sudden muscle contraction (the action will cause the contents of the intestines or other organs in the body to move in direction)

191
Q

Peritoneal Absorption

A

the uptake of materials in the peritoneal cavity

192
Q

Peritoneal Cavity

A

an area that is secured by the peritoneum (the cavity is found in the liver between two sacs)

193
Q

Polyp

A

a tissue mass that sticks to the lumen in the digestive tract

194
Q

Portal Vein

A

a vein that transports blood from the digestive organs and other parts of the body to the liver

195
Q

Postprandial

A

after a meal

196
Q

Prebiotics

A

ingredients in foods that will support the development of probiotic bacteria in the large intestine

197
Q

Proctocolitis

A

inflammation in the colon

198
Q

Proctoscope

A

an endoscope that is inserted in the rectum and anus to inspect these tissues

199
Q

Proteolysis

A

when proteins break down into peptides and amino acids

200
Q

PUD

A

peptic ulcer disease (the condition is caused by sores or ulcers that develop in the lining in the stomach or the opening area in the small intestine)

201
Q

Pylorus

A

a section in the stomach that has an opening between the stomach and duodenum

202
Q

Pyrosis

A

a burning sensation in the body (pain may be caused by gastric juice moving back up the esophagus by regurgitation) (also called heartburn)

203
Q

RDA

A

the recommended daily allowance of a nutrient

204
Q

Rectum

A

a distal part of the large intestine (last part of the organ)

205
Q

Retention

A

how the body can hold its fluids and foods

206
Q

Saliva

A

a fluid that is produced by the salivary glands in the mouth (the fluid is naturally generated to keep the oral area moist and to support digestion of starches)

207
Q

Salivary Ducts

A

ducts that transport salvia

208
Q

Salivary Glands

A

glands that produce the saliva

209
Q

Salmonella

A

an infection triggered by the salmonella bacteria (the condition occurs wen a person consumes contaminated food or water)

210
Q

Small Bowel

A

also known as the small intestine or SB (this is where much of the body absorption of food takes place)

211
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO)

A

when a polyp, clot, blockage, or another type of obstruction develops in the small intestine or bowel

212
Q

Scurvy

A

a blood vessel condition that develops due to the body not having enough vitamin C or ascorbic acid

213
Q

Sialadenitis

A

inflammation of the salivary gland

214
Q

Sialorrhea

A

an excessive amount of salivary flow

215
Q

Sigmoid

A

the last part of the large intestine, the sigmoid lead to the rectum

216
Q

Stoma

A

an opening that is produced in the body

217
Q

Stomach

A

a digestive organ in the upper left part of the abdomen and appears in between the esophagus and duodenum

218
Q

Stomach Ulcer

A

an ulcer that develops on the inside part of the stomach tissue

219
Q

Stomatitis

A

inflammation within the soft parts of the mouth

220
Q

Stool

A

fecal matter expelled through the anus

221
Q

Sublingual Gland

A

the salivary gland under the tongue

222
Q

Sucrose

A

a form of sugar

223
Q

Supraglottitis

A

inflammation in the larynx of the windpipe that appears before the voice box

224
Q

Tenesmus

A

a condition where a person is unable to fully clear their bowel when defecating

225
Q

Tongue

A

an organ in the mouth

226
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition (the process involves feeding while moving food past the gastrointestinal tract)

227
Q

Trismus

A

the inability of a person to open their mouth all the way

228
Q

Typhilitis

A

inflammation in the cecum

229
Q

Typhoid Fever

A

bacterial infection also called enteric fever

230
Q

Uvula

A

a small extension located at the back part of the soft palate

231
Q

Vomit

A

when the contents in the stomach are forced through the mouth

232
Q

Weaning

A

when the mother’s milk is replaced with other food

233
Q

Whey

A

liquid materials in milk after the casein, fat, and other fat-soluble compounds are removed from the fluid

Medical Terminology Words (14 decks)

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