The Endocrine System

Question 1

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 1

Part of the animals regulatory system. It contains a number of glands that produce hormones which are vital for homeostasis

Question 2

What are the Functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 2

Growth
Metabolism
Reproduction

Question 3

What is the role of the hypothalamus?

Answer 3

It’s role is to respond to internal and external factors such as day lengths for breeding seasons or calcium levels
It’s does this by secreting releasing hormones and resounding to feedback which then instructs the pituitary gland

Question 4

What is osmoregulation and how does it work?

Answer 4

Osmoregulation is the regulation of water levels in the blood

It works by:

1) The hypothalamus detecting too little water in blood
2) the pituitary gland releases ADH into the blood stream
3) ADH encourages the kidneys to reabsorb water from urine
4) blood water levels return to normal
5) hypothalamus detects this and less ADH is produced

Question 5

what is the role of growth hormones?

Answer 5

To stimulate the rate of growth of bone and tissue in young animals

Produced by the anterior lobe

Question 6

What is the role of thyroid stimulating hormone?

Answer 6

This stimulates the thyroid gland to produce a range of hormones which regulate metabolism

Produced by the anterior lobe

Question 7

What is the role of adrenocorticotropin hormone?

Answer 7

To stimulate the adrenal gland to produce a range of hormones

Produced by the anterior lobe

Question 8

What is the role of follicular stimulating hormone and Luteinising hormone?

Answer 8

Stimulate production of hormones for female reproduction

Produced by the anterior lobe

Question 9

What is the role of prolactin?

Answer 9

To stimulate milk production

Produced by the anterior lobe/ pituitary gland

Question 10

What is the role of ADH?

Answer 10

To control water loss from the kidneys and helps maintain homeostasis

Produced by the posterior lobe

Question 11

What is the role of oxytocin?

Answer 11

To stimulate broth and milk production

Produced by the posterior lobe

Question 12

What is the role of throxin?

Answer 12

Helps to maintain metabolic rate and regulates oxygen in the cells

Produced by the thyroid

Question 13

What is the role of calcitonin?

Answer 13

Stimulates absorption of calcium by the bones to be stored when the calcium levels in the blood are too high

Produced by the thyroid

Question 14

What is the role of parathyroid hormone?

Answer 14

If levels of calcium in the blood fall too low this hormone raises the calcium levels to the right amount

Question 15

What is the role of cortisol?

Answer 15

It is released in response to stress and low levels of blood glucose
It increases blood sugar,suppresses the immune system and impacts metabolism

-produced by the adrenal cortex

Question 16

What is the role of aldosterone?

Answer 16

It contributes to the process of osmoregulation
It helps regulate the balance of salt and water in the blood by encouraging the kidneys to reabsorb sodium increasing water retention

• it is produced by the adrenal cortex

Question 17

What is the role of Adrenalin?

Answer 17

Produced by the adrenal medulla and forms fight and flight response in danger
If in threat the adrenal gland releases Adrenalin which increases heart rate and blood pressure, diluted air passages.

Question 18

What is the role of oestrogen?

Answer 18

Is produced in the ovaries by the follicles and is important in the oestrus cycle in preparation for mating

Question 19

What is the role of progesterone?

Answer 19

Helps to prepare for and maintain pregnancy
Stops the female from coming into heat when in pregnancy
- produced by the ovaries

Question 20

What is the role of testosterone?

Answer 20

Produced by the testes

Stimulates sperm production as well as aspects of male sexual development and behaviour

Question 21

What is the role of the pancreas?

Answer 21

To produce for mines to regulate blood glucose levels
-insulin
-glucagon
-somatostatin
It also produced enzymes used in digestion

Question 22

What is the role of insulin?

Answer 22

Lower blood glucose levels

Question 23

What is the role of glucagon?

Answer 23

Raises levels of glucose in the blood

Question 24

What is the role of somatostatin?

Answer 24

Helps avoid big fluctuations in blood glucose levels

Question 25

Mane some endocrine disorders

Answer 25

Hypothyroidism- shortage of thyroxin can cause stunted growth and sluggishness in older animals

Hyperthyroidism- too much thyroxin

Hyperparathyroidism- too much parathyroid hormone

Pancreas not producing enough insulin (diabetes)

Adrenal gland producing too many corticosteroids can lead to Cushings disease