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sociology education > the functionalist perspective on education > Flashcards

the functionalist perspective on education Flashcards

1
Q

what is social cohesion?

A

social cohesion refers to the bonds or ‘glue’ that bring people together and integrate them into a united society

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2
Q

what is social mobility?

A

the movement of groups or individuals up or down the social heirarchy

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3
Q

what are functional prerequisites?

A

the basic needs that must be met if society is to survive

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4
Q

what is the hidden curriculum?

A

the hidden ciriculem concerns not so much the formal content of subject lessons and examinations (the overt curriculum) as the way teaching and learning are organized

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5
Q

what is social solidarity?

A

the integration of people into society through shared values, a common culture, shared understandings and social ties that bring them together and build social cohesion

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6
Q

what are particulartistic values?

A

they are rules and values that give a priority to personal relationships

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7
Q

what are universalistic values?

A

they are rules and values that apple equally to all members of society, regardless of who they are

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8
Q

what is a meritocracy?

A

a society where jobs and pay are allocated on the basis purely of peoples individual talents, abilities, qualifications and skills

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9
Q

what is human capital?

A

the knowledge and skills possessed by a workforce that increase that workforces value and usefulness to employers

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10
Q

what is the division of labour?

A

the division of work or occupations into a large number or specialized tasks, each of which is carried out by one worker of a group of workers

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11
Q

what is the equality of educational oppurtunity?

A

the idea that every child regardless of their social class background, gender or disability, should have an equal chance of developing their talents and abilities and of doing as well as their ability will allow

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12
Q

what is marketization?

A

the process whereby services, like education or health, that were perviously controlled and run by the state, have government or local council control reduced or removed altogether, and become subject to the free market forces of supply and demand, based on competition and consumer choice

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13
Q

what are the 4 roles of education to functionalists?

A

-passing on societies cultures and values, linked to building solidarity
-providing a bridge between values and status of the family and the universalist if values and achieved status of society
-developing capital, having trained and qualified workforce
-selecting and allocating people for roles in a meritocratic society and legitimising social inequality, sifting and sorting

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14
Q

what does social solidarity mean?

A

the integration of people into society through shared values and a common culture, shared understanding and social ties that bind them together

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15
Q

-functionalism is a ______ ______
-_____ view on society
-__________ theory
-our behaviour is directed through ______
-behaviour is ______ & ______

A

-consensus theory
-positive
-macrostructural
-institutions
-patternable & predictable

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16
Q

what is the role of education to functionalists?

A

-see society as interrelated whole
-every institution performs 1 or more important functions or job
-industrial societies are seen as basically economically efficient, democratic and meritocratic, believed to operate in interests of all their citizens
-believe formal education systems contribute to economic efficiency and effective functioning to societies as a whole
-functionalist sociologists (Talcott Parsons) recognised that relationships between formal education systems and the expanding were important for several reasons

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17
Q

Durkheim (____) saw the main role of education as the transmission of norms and values of society

A

1925

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18
Q

education helps ____ individuals within society towards _____ _____ = sense of belonging & commitment to that society or what Durkheim called _____ ____

A

-unite
-common goals
-social solidarity

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19
Q

-teaching history helps individuals learn about their society and develop a sense of commitment to it

A
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20
Q

norms and values taught through _____ ______

A

hidden curriculum

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21
Q

what is the hidden curriculum?

A

attitudes and behaviour which are taught through the schools organisation and teachers attitudes but which are not part of the formal timetable

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22
Q

Durkheim saw schools as _______ __ ______ individuals learn to interact with others and follow fixed set of rules, essential in later life

A

societies in miniature

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23
Q

what does societies in miniature mean?

A

that smaller groups, like families or schools, can show us how larger society works because they have similar behaviors and rules. Studying these small groups helps us understand big society better

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24
Q

-believes education helps teach specific skills necessary in an ______ _______ with specialist jobs (advanced division of labour), not taught by parents who lack specialist knowledge

A
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25
Q

Durkheim argued that whilst family based on affective relationships, society is based on instrumental relationships (based on mutual see interest) , as children progress through school their experience with adults become more formal easing the transition

A
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26
Q

Talcott parsons (19__) believed education has three main functions to enable a child to move away from ______ standards to ______ standards

A

1961
particularistic
universalistic

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27
Q

what are particularistic values?

A

rules & values that give a priority to personal relationships

28
Q

what are universalistic values?

A

rules and values that apply equally to all members of society regardless of who they are

29
Q

parsons believed education is a _____ between the ______ & ______ ______

A

bridge
family
wider family

30
Q

-before attending school children are socialised within family with particularistic values used, they’re are treated effective

A
31
Q

what is effective?

A

a family that is good at making its members happy and providing them with support

32
Q

what is instrumental?

A

providing economic support and more focused on practical or task oriented responsibilities

33
Q

-universalistic values applied in society as a whole
-in society status is based on ____ ( the best people can get the best jobs) & status = achieved

A

merit

34
Q

Parsons believes that education ______ children into _____ ____ of society

A

socialises
basic values

35
Q

-parsons believes education makes transition from _____ to _____ as a whole by getting people used to _______ values & _____ ______

A

family
society
universalistic
achieved status

36
Q

-education socialises individuals into _____ _____ of society, the belief in individual _____ and value of ______ of opportunity, exam system encourages these values (fair & motivating)

A

major values
achievement
equality

37
Q

assesses students abilities to match with suitable jobs allowing everyone to make major contributions to society
-lots of research shows meritocracy is a is a myth & your social class influences both your qualifications and job selection

A
38
Q

davis & moore allocation (____)
what do they believe about education?

A

-1994
-it selects people for their future roles in society

39
Q

-davis and moore viewed education as a means of ____ _______, most able get best qualifications & progress to taking up more functionally important jobs in society (more rewarding jobs)
what does this make people do?

A

-work more hard and makes education competent

40
Q

davis & moore saw education as ______

A

meritocratic

41
Q

what is social mobility?

A

movement of groups or individuals up or down social hierarchy

42
Q

what are criticisms of functionalism role allocation?

A

-blanden gregg & machin used data from British cohort study to compare life changes of british children with those in educational countries, results = disturbing
-in comparison with 8 European & North American countries, Uk and USA had lowest level of social mobility
-within UK social mobility has fallen & USA has remained stable
-part of problem for british decline in social mobility has been that the better off have benefitted disproportionately from increased educational opportunities

43
Q

stronger link between family _____ & educational ______

A

income
attainment

44
Q

davis & moore role allocation
-in _____s the gap between those studying on in education at 16 has ______

A

1980s
narrowed

45
Q

______ still exists in access to higher education the bottom 5th of society saw and _______ at higher education from -%
-the top 5rh saw an even greater rise from __-__%

A

inequality
increase
6-9
20-47

46
Q

functionalist would say date is done to ______

A

meritocracy

47
Q

marxists would say this is because ______ _____ are utilising changed to education for their own _____

A

richer families
benefits

48
Q

human capital, _____
functionalists see expansion of schooling and higher education as necessary for ______ ______, _______ & _____ _______
-flexible workforce can undertake different jobs in _____ ______
-this _____ __ _____ is division of work into ______ _____

A

-shultz
-properly trained, qualified & flexible workforce
-modern economy
-division of labour
_specialised tasks

49
Q

functionalists are only interested in ______ data

A

quantative

50
Q

-functionalists believe in meritocracy but it’s not true and there is huge _____ in system

A

inequality

51
Q

quantitative data is too ______

A

limited

52
Q

not everything is _____

A

positive

53
Q

what is elaborate code?

A

for people with higher status (middle class)
sophisticated language
-people in working class do worse off in GCSEs due to elaborate code
-setting working class up to fail?

54
Q

what is restricted code ?

A

for lower classes (eg working class)
less sophisticated word knowledge

55
Q

what is social solidarity?

A

how connected & together people in a society feel
-the integration of people into society through shared values, a common culture, shared understanding & social tired that bind them together

56
Q

evaluation of functionalist view
-education does not benefit whole of society
what are criticisms of this view?

A

-marxists argue education benefits ruling class or those that own means of production
-feminists see education as benefiting men since only 2/10 directors in UK are female

57
Q

evaluation of functionalist view
-education promotes the norms & values of society as a whole (Durkheim & Parsons)
what are criticisms of this?

A

-marxists see education as promoting the values of powerful groups & is there to reinforce the proletariat please in society (WC). more manual less thinking occupations
-hargreaves’s believes education through things such as exam system promotes competition & individualism rather than common shared values

58
Q

evaluation of functionalist view:
-education promotes social solidarity (Durkheim)
what are criticisms of this?

A

education can become divisive because of hierarchy of schools & universities which can separate social classes

59
Q

functionalist evaluation:
-educational achievement is based on merit
what are criticisms of this view?

A

-class, gender and social economic background influence achievement & more

60
Q

evaluation:
-education selects the most appropriate people to do particular jobs, role allocation davis & moore
what are criticisms of this view?

A

-other factors apart from qualifications influence the labour market social contacts for one
not what you know but who you know

61
Q

evaluation:
-education passes on societies culture from one generation the next
what are criticisms of this view?

A

-marxists would argue this ignores inequalities in power, there is not value consensus
-feminists would argue school passes on patriarchal values & disadvantages girls & women

62
Q

evaluation:
-education legitimises social inequality
what are criticisms of this view?

A

-Bowles & Ginitis argue that education system disguises fact there is no equality of opportunity in education
-social class, ethnicity & gender are the main influences

63
Q

functionalists believe education teaches _______, _____ & _______ which are beneficial & necessary for society to function
education does this and helps to integrate ______ ____ _______

A

attitudes, beliefs and values
members into society

64
Q

what does Durkheim (____) believe that schools teach?

A

1961
-a sense of belonging & commitment to a bigger society
-a shared belief in importance of cooperation
-school assemblies, team games & anything that produces a sense of pride in pupils individual school helps to pass on these values

65
Q

to parsons what does school teach?

A

-a belief that individual achievement should be based on merit
-a belief in individual competition through which individuals learn to make the maximum contribution to society

sociology education (5 decks)

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