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Body Systems > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the heart found?

A

Mediastinum between the lungs. Between rib 2-5 on the left midline

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2
Q

Where is the apex of the heart found?

A

5th intercostal space, midclavicular line

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3
Q

What is the Pericardium?

A

An inelastic sac of dense connective tissue

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4
Q

What does the Fibrous pericardium fuse with?

A

The diaphragm and the great vessels (aorta and venacava)

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the Fibrous sac?

A

To prevent the overfilling of the heart and to anchor is into position.

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6
Q

What is the structure of the Pericardium?

A

Fibrous pericardium as the outer layer. Then a double layer of serous membrane: parietal layer and then visceral layer. Between the serous membrane is the serous/tissue fluid.

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7
Q

What is the function of the serious/tissue fluid.

A

The pericardial cavity allows the layers to slide without friction and pain.

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8
Q

Name the three walls of the heart. Outer to inner

A

Endocardium, myocardium and then the visceral layer.

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9
Q

What is the Mitral valve?

A

The bicuspid or left atrioventricular valve.

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10
Q

What is the right atrioventricular valve called?

A

Tricuspid valve

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11
Q

Where are the semilunar valves found?

A

Aortic and pulmonary artery

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12
Q

What is an auricles?

A

An extension of the left and right atrial chambers. It increases the volume of blood it can contain and can be seen from the outside of the heart

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13
Q

What is the ventricular septum?

A

The wall that parts the left and right chambers

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14
Q

What is the pectinate muscle?

A

Found in the right atrium

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15
Q

What is the function of the fibrous skeleton?

A

Anchors the valves to the heart. It also electrically separates atria with ventricle stopping the heart contraction.

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16
Q

What prevents the atrioventricular valve from inverting when the pressure in the ventricle is greater?

A

The AV valves are connected to chordae tendineae. The papillary muscles then contract pulling the strings and holding the valves in place

17
Q

What keeps the semilunar valves closed?

A

Blood pocketing in the valve pushing it closed/

18
Q

What is the coronary circulation?

A

The blood supply to the heart muscles.

19
Q

When does blood flow through the coronary vessels?

A

When the semilunar valves are closed and the ventricle is relaxed as the entrance to the coronary vessels are covered.

20
Q

Where does the coronary circulation start?

A

From the aorta the left and right coronary arteries branch off.

21
Q

Describe the branching from the right coronary artery

A

Branches into the marginal artery and the posterior interventricular

22
Q

Describe the branching from the left coronary artery?

A

Branches into the anterior interventricular and the circumflex.

23
Q

Where do the cardiac veins drain into?

A

The coronary sinus, which empties into the right atrium.

24
Q

Name three types of coronary veins

A

Small cardiac veins, the great cardiac vein and the middle cardiac vein.

25
Q

What arteries do the coronary veins lie along side to?

A

Small cardiac vein = marginal artery.
Great cardiac vein = anterior interventricular
Middle = posterior interventricular

26
Q

What is angiography?

A

A medical imaging technique used to examine patency (openness) of vessels.

27
Q

Name the non-contractile cells that initiate electrical impusles

A

Sinoatrial Node, Atrioventricular node, AV bundle (of His), right and left bundle branches and purkinje fibres.

28
Q

Why is foetal circulation different?

A

Not all the organs are developed enough to function so the blood circulation bypasses them

29
Q

What organs does the circulation bypass?

A

Lungs, liver and gastrointestinal.

30
Q

How is blood received to the foetal?

A

From placenta of the mother through the umbilical vein.

31
Q

How is blood returned to the mothers placenta?

A

Two umbilical arteries from the foetus.

32
Q

How does blood bypass the liver in foetal circulation?

A

The ductus venous connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava.

33
Q

How does blood bypass the lungs in foetal circulation?

A

The Foramen ovale connects the right and left atrium and has a valve to prevent backflow.
Blood that goes to the right ventricle is pumped into the pulmonary trunk and goes through ductus arteriosus.

34
Q

What happens to some of the blood that goes to the lungs in a foetus?

A

Nothing will return to the heart unchanged.

35
Q

What happens to the ductus arteriosus after birth?

A

Constricts due to rising oxygen, it then acts as a ligamentum arteriosum

36
Q

What happens to the foramen ovale after birth?

A

Higher pressure in the LA results in a close of the foramen ovale which becomes fossa ovalis.

37
Q

What happens to the ductus venosus after birth?

A

Clamping of the umbilical cord results in a closed umbilical vessel and the ductus venosus continues as ligamentum venosum

Body Systems (8 decks)

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