The Heart And Central Vasculature

Question 0

Name the valve in the pulmonary artery

Answer 0

Pulmonary valve

Question 1

Name the valve in the aorta

Answer 1

Aortic valve

Question 2

Name the valve between the RA and the RV

Answer 2

Tricuspid (right atrioventricular)

Question 3

Name the valve between the LA and the LV

Answer 3

Mitral (left atrioventricular)

Question 4

How many cusps does the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve have?

Answer 4

Tricuspid - 3

Mitral - 2

Question 5

How many cusps does the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve have?

Answer 5

Aortic - 3

Pulmonary - 3

Question 6

Location of valve sounds

Answer 6

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Aortic - right 2nd intercostal space
Pulmonary - left 2nd intercostal space
Tricuspid - left 4th intercostal space
Mitral - midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space

Question 8

How are the walls of the heart supplied with oxygenated blood?

Answer 8

Coronary arteries

Question 9

Systemic circulation

Answer 9

Circuit through the rest of body providing oxygenated blood

Question 10

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 10

Circuit through the lungs where blood is oxygenated

Question 10

Which are thicker: atria or ventricles?

Answer 10

Ventricles - atria have to pump blood to ventricles below, whilst right and left ventricles pump blood much further (to lungs and the body respectively)

Question 12

What is thicker: RV or LV?

Answer 12

LV - LV pumps blood around whole body whilst RV only pumps blood to lungs

Question 13

Three openings in RA?

Answer 13

Inferior and superior vena cava and coronary sinus

Question 14

Positioning or aorta?

Answer 14

Curves obliquely to left and then passes caudally to the left side of the body

Question 15

What are the three branches of the aorta?

Answer 15

Brachiocephalic trunk (splits right common carotid artery and right subclavian), left common carotid artery and left subclavian

Question 16

How many pulmonary veins are there?

Answer 16

4, 2 from each lung

Question 17

Function of the coronary sinus?

Answer 17

Collect blood draining from the myocardium

Question 18

Roles of inferior and superior vena cava

Answer 18

Superior VC - drains blood from cranial half of body (head, arms, neck)
Inferior VC - drains blood from caudal half of body

Question 19

What is the pericardium (pericardial sac)?

Answer 19

The fluid filled sac surrounding the heart and proximal ends of aorta, VC and PA

Question 20

What is the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 20

Envelopes heart as a protective layer and is made of tough connective tissue. Keeps heart contained in chest cavity, prevents heart from overexpanding when blood volume increases

Question 21

What is the parietal serous pericardium?

Answer 21

Fluid layer between outer and inner serous layers allowing friction-free movement of the heart inside the sac

Question 21

What is the pulmonary trunk made up of?

Answer 21

The right and left pulmonary arteries

Question 22

Why are the trabeculae carnae very defined in the LV?

Answer 22

Because the LV requires a rough surface so there is no surface tension when it contracts (and walls don’t stick together)

Question 23

Where is the fossa ovalis and what is it’s function?

Answer 23

Previously the foramen ovalis, foetus doesn’t need lungs therefore blood is diverted away from the lungs. Found between RA and LA (oval depression in the interstitial septum). Site of foetal shunt

Question 24

Atrioventricular grooves

Answer 24

Separates atria from ventricles and completely encircles the heart

Question 25

Interventricular groove

Answer 25

On the anterior and posterior surfaces between RV and LV are additional shallow grooves (anterior and posterior interventricular grooves)

Question 26

Where do the coronary arteries arise from?

Answer 26

The beginning of the aorta