The influence of socialisation on identity Flashcards
What expected male identities did Farley point out?
Leadership
Control of situations
Decision making
Active, unemotional and aggressive behaviours.
What expected female identities did Farley point out?
Physical dependence and weakness
Emotionalism
Lack of control
Passive, caring and family orientated
How did Oakley claim that children learned gender roles?
Manipulation – parents encourage behaviour that is normal for the gender.
Canalisation – boys and girls are channelled into appropriate activities.
Verbal appellations – girls will be called feminine nicknames and boys will be called more aggressive nicknames.
Different activities – girls are taken to more feminine activities like dance class and boys are taken to more masculine activities like football practice.
What ways does socialisation influence gender identity?
Judith Butler points out that the media stereotyping gender roles is so powerful that it’s difficult to avoid gendered socialisation and gendered behaviour.
There’s a large amount of body image depictions in the media that create ideal body type norms and expectations.
Naomi Wolf suggested that the idea of a perfect body image was a means to control and exploit women.
What’s extreme nationalism?
This is often distrusted because it can give rise to extreme forms of behaviour.
What’s civic nationalism?
This is often seen as more positive because it can unite different groups of people together, so they feel pride in their country.
What ways do people socialise nationally?
One of the ways in which people socialise nationally is through sports such as the World Cup or the Olympics.
Individuals can become national heroes and are supported by huge fanbases.
Poulton and Maguire claimed that the media coverage of Team GB at the 2012 London Olympics was influenced by fears of the breakup of the UK through the Scottish Independence movement.
What ways are people socialised ethnically in the home?
The first place that people learn their ethnicity is in their home, often through the language spoken at home.
Tariq Modood suggested that language, food, dress and family traditions teach ethnicity.
What ways are people socialised ethnically in religion?
Ethnic identity is passed on through religious practice.
Ghuman found that religious training is very important in encouraging Asian cultural values of obedience, loyalty and respect among children of Asian migrants.
Butler said that religion was central to the way the Muslim girls created an identity for themselves and that Islam provided a real moral guide to young women.
What’s primary identity?
Our sense of self.
What’s secondary identity?
Consists of the role we play in society.
How are people in the middle class socialised?
Savage argued that lifestyles of the people in the middle-class differ from those of the working class. The middle-class can live more comfortably and afford things such as private schools.
Pierre Bourdieu talked about culture capital and social capital.
Culture capital refers to the knowledge and behaviours which are considered as desireable and necessary to succeed in life.
Social capital refers to the social networks and contacts that can create opportunities for success.
How are people in the working class socialised?
Savage wrote that working-class people viewed themselves as ‘ordinary’ more than those in higher professions.
Charlesworth explored working-class life in Rotherham and claimed that people had always claimed class identity from work.
