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AA Encc Lit > The Middle Ages > Flashcards

The Middle Ages Flashcards

1
Q

Great Britain (+southern Netherlands) has roman rulers

A

55bc-450ad

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2
Q

Roman empire threathend on all sides

A

End 4th century

  • britain: Celts
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3
Q

Romans left britain

A

Romans withdrew from Britain to defend their own continental empire
Leaving Britons to fend for themselves
450

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4
Q

Romano-British enemies

A

Celts: Schotland and Ireland

Angles, Saxons and Jutes: Across the North Sea (Denmark/N-Germany)

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5
Q

Angles, Saxons and Jutes

A

Driven from Schotland/Northern Germany by the Huns > Britain

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6
Q

Huns

A

An Asian people who invaded Europe from the east (Atilla the Hun)
> migration of the people (5th+6th century)

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7
Q

Anglo-Saxons after invading britain

A

Became settlers > kingdoms

Wales Schotland Cornwall : Romano-British

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8
Q

Feudalism

A

Young warriors serve kings and get rewarded with weapons, valuables and land in return for their loyalty and support in war

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9
Q

Why do we know less about farmers?

A

They couldn’t write and no one cared

Archaelogical record tells there was trade with Scandinavia and European mainland (including Friesland)

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10
Q

Friesland trade influence

A

Frasian language > influence old English

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11
Q

Start class society

A

End 6th century: pope sent missionaries to convert heathen Anglo-Saxons to christianity

7th century: monks, priests and bishops = big role society
> kings + slow followers > countless monestaries (kloosters) were established
> latin literature (+old english) (religious writing)

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12
Q

Bede

A

(673-735)
Monk who wrote a history of the Anglo-Saxons in latin
(Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum=The ecclesiastical history of the Anglo-Saxon People)

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13
Q

Chronicles were kept

A

9th century

Monks + clerks maintain chronicles: annual records of contemporary events

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14
Q

First recorded attack on Britain by Scandinavian Vikings

A

793

monastery on the island of Lindisfarne was sacked

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15
Q

Heathens

A

People with no religion

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16
Q

Vikings

A

Heathens
Took advantage of devision between Anglo-Saxon kings
Started settling in Britain + sometimes assumed the throne

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17
Q

Up to eleventh century

A

Scandinavians + Anglo-Saxons + Normans fight over English crown
- Anglo-Saxons vs King Norway > William (Duke of Normandy) seized the throne

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18
Q

Battle of Hastings

A

1066
William(the Conqueror) vs Anglo-Saxons he won
Anglo-Saxon era > Norman period began

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19
Q

Beowulf

A

6th century(not sure)
Epic poem, oldest in vernacular(Old English)
Late 10th century: manuscript (only mediaeval copy)
Probalby written by monks
In prose and verse

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20
Q

Epic poem

A

Written poem

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21
Q

Vernacular

A

Common people’s language

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22
Q

Context Beowulf

A

Lords + retainers were entertained by drama’s played out in royal courts and on the battlefield (feudalism)
Scandinavia: migrations of the people
- charachters: forefathers Anglo-Saxon nation

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23
Q

Beowulf writing style

A

Alliteration

1 line= 2 halves + 4 stressed syllables

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24
Q

Prose

A

Normal story, no rhyming

Beowulf: Michael Swanton

25
Q

Verse

A

Story with rythm + rhyme

Beowulf: Seamus Heaney

26
Q

The early middle ages

A

450-1066

27
Q

The late middleages

A

1066-1500

28
Q

After the battle of Hastings

A

William the conqueror appoints Normans to key positions in the governement, church, army, judiciary
Kings + warriors > feudal system

29
Q

Medieaval society

A
  1. The nobility: mainly french speaking
  2. Clergy: conversed + wrote predominantly in latin
  3. Commoners: english speakers
    1+2 held land, worked by free farmers/serfs(bondslaves) 3
30
Q

Edward III

A

First king of England that spoke English

1327-1377 reign

31
Q

Norman lords built castles why?

- Colchester castle (county of essex)

A

. demonstrate power+protection

32
Q

Normans influence
Building type
Religion

A

New churches were built in romanesque style
- heavy pillars, round arched windows
Religion: emphasis on spiritually
- momento mori: remember that you will die

33
Q

First chrusade

A

1095

Recovering the holy land from the Saracens and defending Christendom

34
Q

Second chrusade

A

1147

Nobles + commoners for religion and thirst for adventure

35
Q

Why did so many join the chrusades?

A

All a chrusaders sins were forgiven

- felons, misfits > jerusalem

36
Q

Plantagenets

A

1154 (royal family)
New dynasty assumed english crown
Wanted greater power+wealth at expense of nobility and the church
- almost a civil war: several nobles vs tyranny king John
1215: John signed magna carta

37
Q

Magna carta (Plantagenets)

A

Nobility were granted privileges for their loyalty

38
Q

English monarch in parts of france

A

From 1066

39
Q

Edward III declares war on france

A

1337

King Edward III claimed to be the heir to the french throne (mothers side) > 100 years war

40
Q

Hundred years’ war

A

1337-1453
Constant fighting for the French throne

The English only got an area around Calais

41
Q

The English give up on the french throne

A

1801

42
Q

Plague / Black Death

A

1348 (England)
Spread by rat fleas (Asia > Europe in holds of ships)
Half the population perished > major economic downturn

43
Q

The peasants’ revolt

A

1381
Labour shortage > peasantry more confident, demanded greater rights
Put down by king Richard II (14 y/o)

44
Q

After 100 years’ war

A 
1453
Internal powerstruggles resurfaced in England
- 2 noble houses: 
House of Lancaster (red rose)
House of York (white rose)
45
Q

War of the roses

A

1455-1485
Lancaster vs York
Tudors was the new dynasty at the throne

46
Q

Tudors

A 
1485-1603
York + Lancaster
strong french influences
Romanesque style > gothic style (french, higher buildings, pointed arches)
French language stories
Introduction of rhyme
47
Q

Literature in the language of ordinary people

A

14th century

48
Q

Thomas Malory

A

Morte d’Arthur: collection of English language stories about King Arthur (1500)

49
Q

Popular genres 1500

A

Fables, ballads, ‘romances’
Ditties (little songs) and folk songs celebrating the beginning of summer or beauty of a young woman
Language of the masses

50
Q

Sir Gawain and the Green Night

A

Late 14th century
Author: unknown from Cheshire
Legend, romance

Inspiration: French Arthurian tales (+older themes)
- stranger at a feast issues a challenge = Irish

51
Q

Rhyming scheme Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

A

4 parts devided in stanzas
Stanzas made up of long non-rhyming alliterative lines followed by 4 short rhyming lines
Logical progression

52
Q

Geoffrey Chaucer

A

1343-1400
Whole life in service of the English court
16 y/o: fights in hundred years’ war
1366: marries Philipa Roet (helper of noblewoman, lady in waiting)
- children Lewis and Thomas
Service of Edward III (diplomatic missions), meets Oetrarcha and Boccaccio
1374-1385: tax inspector (didn’t do economically well)
- wrote the parliament of Fowls, the house of fame, and troilus and criseyde
1385: judge in county of kent (his wife died)
1389: King Richard II gave him the well-paid office of clerck of the kings works (became custodian royal forest)
1399: house in London, near Westminster Abbey
Death: lies in westminster abbey’s poets corner
The canterbury tales
First introduced renaissance ideas to English literature

53
Q

The canterbury tales

A

1386-1400
Pilgrimage to the grave of Saint Thomas Becket
- bishop mudered in 1170 by the king’s followers
Prologue: group of pilgrims meet in london > canterbury, innkeeper says best storyteller gets a free meal
- 22 stories, never completed (120 max) (every pilgrim 4)
General prologue: introduction, compelling descriptions of the pilgrims
Tales: sometimes individual prologues (preface story)
Stories overlapp
Overall narator = chaucer
- The Knight
- The miller
- The wife of bath

54
Q

Frame story

A

1 storyline with a bunch of extra stories within, which can overlap

55
Q

Legend

A

Story about a hero with a quest

56
Q

The knight (canterbury tales)

A

Worthy man, personification of courtesy
Story: long, intelligent story of war and love
- ancient greece
- Arcite and Palamon (brothers) being held at the court of King Theseus of Athens, fall in love with same woman

57
Q

The miller

A

Drunk, “Robin”
Interrupts the monk to go in his turn
Story: fabliau
Nicholas takes fancy to pretty Alison, she’s already married, he grabs her vagina and the go to bed

58
Q

The wife of Bath

A

Own life: 5th husband reads book that deals with wicked wives, she’s mad, rips book apart, he hits her, she drama queen, he lets her rule over her own life

Story: a knight of king Arthur’s court rapes a pretty girl, queen tells him to find the one thing woman really want in 1 year.
He promises an ugly old woman to give her whatever she wants if she helps him > control own lives
Old woman demands knight to marry her > transforms to beautiful young woman> ugly+loyal or pretty+cheater > you can choose

59
Q

Fabliau

A

Short, lively (and coarse) tale with ordinary people at its centre

AA Encc Lit (2 decks)

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