The Moroccan Crises

Question 1

Where is Morocco located?

Answer 1

Africa

Question 2

What is the capital of Morocco?

Answer 2

Fez

Question 3

Who were the Berber tribes and in what year did they attack Fez?

Answer 3

The berber tribes lived in the mountains and attacked Fez in 1903 because they wanted independence; they were supported by thousands of Moroccans.

Question 4

Who was the Sultan of Morocco from 1894 to 1908?

Answer 4

Sultan Aziz.

Question 5

When did Britain and France agree to a French mandate over Morocco?

Answer 5

1904

fact: in turn, France would give up its interests in Egypt.

Question 6

Where did Kaiser Wilhelm II visit on 31st March 1905?

Answer 6

Tangier; a Morocco port.

fact: the Kaiser wanted to show a German interest in North Africa, and assured Sultan Aziz of his support for an independent Morocco.

Question 7

What was the name of the conference held to discuss France’s relationship to the government of Morocco that climaxed the First Moroccan Crisis?

Answer 7

The Algeciras Conference of 1906.

Question 8

When was the First Moroccan Crisis?

Answer 8

1905 - 1906

Question 9

When was the Second Moroccan Crisis

Answer 9

1911 - 1912

Question 10

Which countries sent their troops to Fez in May 1911?

Answer 10

France and Spain.

Question 11

What ended the Agadir Crisis?

Answer 11

The Treaty of Fez; November 1911.

Question 12

Since when was France involved with Morocco?

Answer 12

1871; after they lost Alsace-Lorraine.

fact: France traded with Morocco for minerals.

Question 13

When did France make secret arrangements with Italy for Morocco to come under French control since the country was so weak?

Answer 13

1900 and 1901.

Question 14

Which country was totally excluded from any decision making regarding Morocco?

Answer 14

Germany.

fact: the German expire were looking to expand, but no country would include them in international matters.

Question 15

What did Kaiser Wilhelm II publicly announce about his interests in Morocco?

Answer 15

he was only interested in having equal economic rights in Morocco.

Question 16

What did the German politicians assure Sultan Aziz of?

Answer 16

that they had German support to resist France.

Question 17

What was Germany’s main concern with France?

Answer 17

France’s extension of power into the Mediterranean Sea and North Africa.

Question 18

What were France’s and Britain’s concern with Germany?

Answer 18

France: thought conquering Morocco would be simple.
Britain: afraid Germany would set up a naval base in a
Moroccan port; threatening Britain’s naval base at
Gibraltar.

Question 19

What was the purpose of the Algeciras Conference of 1906?

Answer 19

to settle the Moroccan situation.

fact: the conference was attended by 12 European countries and the USA.

Question 20

Who was the only country to support Germany during the Algeciras Conference?

Answer 20

Austria-Hungary.

Question 21

What was the final agreement of the Algeciras Conference?

Answer 21

• France would continue to have a controlling interest in Moroccan affairs.
• every nation was free to trade with Morocco.
• action in Morocco by any country had to be approved by all countries that signed the final agreement.

Question 22

Why did the Algeciras Conference only worsen tensions between the European powers?

Answer 22

• showed that the Entente Cordiale was strong.

- the German Kaiser felt embarrassed; leading directly to the Second Moroccan Crisis.

Question 23

What happened in March 1911 in Morocco?

Answer 23

rebels once again rose up against the Sultan (Abdelhafid 1908 - 1912) and surrounded Fez.

Question 24

Who did Sultan Abdelhafid appeal to for help in 1911?

Answer 24

France.

France and Spain sent a small group of soldiers to Fez in May.

fact: both governments claimed to have been protecting the French and Spanish living in Fez.

Question 25

Who was the ruler of Morocco from 1908 to 1912?

Answer 25

Abdelhafid of Morocco.

Question 26

What did Germany think of the French intervention in Morocco in 1911?

Answer 26

German politicians thought:
- France deliberately encouraged a tribal revolt in Fez.
- France wanted to occupy Morocco; going against the
agreement made in 1906.

Question 27

Where did Germany send a gunboat to in response to the French ‘invasion’ of Morocco?

Answer 27

Agadir; a city in Morocco, on 1st July 1911. Germany claimed that they wanted to protect the Germans in Morocco.

result: France sent more troops to Morocco.

Question 28

What was the gunboat Germany sent to Morocco in July 1911 to the port of Agadir called?

Answer 28

SMS Panther.

Question 29

What and why did Britain try to convince France after the ‘Agadir incident’?

Answer 29

to not send in more troops to Morocco as this would only increase tensions.

Question 30

Britain ended up helping France with the ‘Agadir incident.’ Why?

Answer 30

Britain and France thought Germany wanted to set up a military base in the Mediterranean, acting as a direct threat to Britain’s naval base at Gibraltar.

Question 31

Where was Britain’s naval base in Morocco located?

Answer 31

at the port of Gibraltar.

Question 32

What happened to Germany, suddenly and unexpectedly, in 1911?

Answer 32

Germany was hit with a financial crisis; having to end its involvement in the international conflict over Morocco.

Question 33

What did the Treaty of Fez agree?

Answer 33

• France would take control of Morocco.

- Germany would be granted land in the Congo; a French colony in Africa.

Question 34

What were the long term effects of the Moroccan Crises? (1905 and 1911)

Answer 34

• British support for France strengthened the Entente Cordiale (1904).
• The division between the Entente powers and Germany increased.

Question 35

What did Britain and France do to further strengthen their friendship after 1912?

Answer 35

they made a naval agreement:

• the British Royal Navy would protect the Northern coast of France from German attack.
• the French Fleet would protect British interests in the Mediterranean by keeping communications open with their colonies in North Africa.