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A-Level Psychology: Memory > The Multi-Store Model of Memory > Flashcards

The Multi-Store Model of Memory Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MSM?

A

A representation of how memory works in terms of the sensory register, STM and LTM; whilst also describing how information is transferred, remembered and forgotten.

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2
Q

What does the MSM diagram look like?

A

(Look up a labeled diagram).

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3
Q

Who invented the MSM?

A

Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968, 1971)

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4
Q

What is the sensory register?

A

The memory store for each of the senses.

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5
Q

What are the two main stores in the sensory register?

A

Iconic and echoic.

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6
Q

What is the store for vision?

A

Iconic.

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7
Q

What is the store for hearing?

A

Echoic.

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8
Q

What is the sensory register’s coding? (Iconic)

A

Visual.

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9
Q

What is the sensory register’s coding? (Echoic).

A

Acoustic

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10
Q

What is the sensory register’s capacity? Why?

A

Huge- due to millions of receptors.

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11
Q

What is the sensory register’s duration?

A

Less than half a second.

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12
Q

What is maintenance rehearsal?

A

When an individual repeats material over and over again.

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13
Q

What is the aim of maintenance rehearsal?

A

To pass information from the STM to the LTM.

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14
Q

What is retrieval?

A

Recalling information by transferring it from the LTM to the STM.

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

What did Baddeley find that supports the MSM?

A

We mix up words that sound similar when we use our STM but we mix up words that have similar meanings when we use our LTM.

17
Q

How does Baddeley’s finding support the MSM?

A

It proves that coding in the STM is acoustic and coding in the LTM is semantic, which proves these memory stores are separate and independent.

18
Q

What does the MSM say about the STM?

A

That it is a unitary store.

19
Q

What clinical conditions proves that the STM is not a unitary store?

A

Amnesia.

20
Q

Who were the psychologists studied the STM of a individual with amnesia?

A

Shallice and Warrington (1970).

21
Q

What was the name of the individual with amnesia?

A

KF.

22
Q

What were the findings involving KF?

A

His STM for digits was poor when they were read out for him but it was much better when he could read the digits himself.

23
Q

What were further findings when other individuals were studied?

A

There could be another short-term store for non-verbal sounds.

24
Q

How is the unitary STM a limitation of the MSM?

A

Because research shows that there should be at least two other short-term stores to process visual information and to process auditory information.

25
Q

What model includes the STM’s separate stores.

A

The Working Memory Model.

26
Q

What does the MSM regard as important when it comes to rehearsal.

A

The amount of times you do it.

27
Q

How does the MSM say rehearsal and the LTM work together?

A

The more times information is rehearsed the more likely it is to transfer to the LTM and stay for a long time.

28
Q

Who found the assumption about rehearsal and LTM wrong?

A

Craik and Watkins (1973)

29
Q

What did Craik and Watkins regard as important when it comes to rehearsal.

A

The type of rehearsal.

30
Q

What did Craik and Watkins find out about rehearsal?

A

There’s two type of rehearsal.

31
Q

What is the first type of rehearsal?

A

Maintenance rehearsal.

32
Q

What is maintenance rehearsal?

A

The type described in the MSM, however it doesn’t transfer information to the LTM it just maintains it in the STM.

33
Q

What is the second type of rehearsal?

A

Elaborative rehearsal.

34
Q

What is elaborative rehearsal?

A

When information is linked to previous knowledge or the meaning of it is thought about, this type leads to long-term storage.

35
Q

How do different types of rehearsal act as a limitation to the MSM?

A

It is a research finding that cannot be explained by the MSM.

A-Level Psychology: Memory (9 decks)

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