The NEP

Question 1

How much more coal than Russia did Britain produce in 1913?

Answer 1

10x more

Question 2

How much coal had Russia produced in 1921 and 1913?

Answer 2

1913- 29 million tonnes
1921- 9 million tonnes

Question 3

What did the lack of sugar produced in 1921 show?

Answer 3

It showed that Russia was struggling and did not have the means to produce luxuries

Question 4

What were Lenin’s two main measures to recover Russia in 1921?

Answer 4

The NEP and the ban on factionalism within the Party

Question 5

What were the agricultural problems faced in 1921?

Answer 5

Lack of production, open rebellion in many countryside areas and hoarding of grain

Question 6

What were the industrial problems faced in 1921?

Answer 6

Everything was completely turned over to a wartime economy and industrial production was barely what it was before

Question 7

What were the social freedoms problems faced in 1921?

Answer 7

The ethnic and national minorities in particular were disillusioned with the central government

Question 8

What did Lenin do to help with the agricultural problems in 1921?

Answer 8

On the spot requisitioning was replaced with a fixed tax that allowed peasants to keep the surplus
He promised not to forcibly collectivise the land, which meant that peasants were working for their own benefit. Lenin hoped that this would kickstart the economy

Question 9

What did Lenin do to help with the industrial problems in 1921?

Answer 9

The open market was reopened, with market traders and private sellers allowed to restart businesses that had been shut down.
Small factories with under 20 workers were put back into private ownership.
Large factories remained under state control

Question 10

What did Lenin do to help with social freedom problems in 1921?

Answer 10

Ethnic and national minorities were allowed to use their own language again
Mosques and Bazaars were reopened
The Quran was allowed to be used again
Rationing ended

Question 11

Why the ban on factions?

Answer 11

To avoid the 1903 split coming about again. Lenin also realised that Communist Party leadership was unstable at the time

Question 12

What did Lenin refer to the NEP as?

Answer 12

A ‘halfway house’ between the old ways and the new

Question 13

How much grain was produced in 1924 and 1921?

Answer 13

1921- 37.6 million tonnes
1924- 51.4 million tonnes

Question 14

How much rail freight was produced in 1921 and 1924?

Answer 14

1921- 40 million tonnes
1924- 70 million tonnes

Question 15

How much steel was produced in 1924 and 1921?

Answer 15

1921- 183,000 tonnes
1924- 1.1 million tonnes

Question 16

How many SRs were condemned as terrorists in show trials in between 1921 and 1924?

Answer 16

34

Question 17

What secret police organisation was the Cheka replaced with and when?

Answer 17

1922- the GPU

Question 18

Who were the NEPmen , what did their existence show, and where were they?

Answer 18

They emerged in the cities. These people were evidence of growing wealth. They would scour villages buying produce and then sell it in the cities

Question 19

How much of trade were the NEPmen responsible for by 1924?

Answer 19

Roughly 3/4 of all trade

Question 20

What flourished in the cities as a result of the NEPmen displaying their wealth?

Answer 20

Gambling, prostitution, crime and corruption

Question 21

Why were the peasants happy with the NEP?

Answer 21

They felt like they had some independence again

Question 22

How did the government try to combat the scissor crisis of industry in 1923?

Answer 22

Tax in cash (assuming rather than produce)

Question 23

What was the Nomenklatura?

Answer 23

A group of people who held various roles within the Soviet government. This tended to be because they ran on a system of allowing those who showed loyalty more power. This induced cronyism and corruption

Question 24

Why did the NEP go against the idea of Communism?

Answer 24

Reliance on the secret police showed that people were not equal. NEPmen were absolutely capitalist too

Question 25

What was the scissors crisis?

Answer 25

Prices of agricultural goods were getting lower over time while prices of industrial goods were getting higher over time

Question 26

Who overplayed the scissors crisis in order to try and get rid of the NEP?

Answer 26

Trotsky

Question 27

What did Lenin compare the NEP to?

Answer 27

The signing of Brest-Litovsk

Question 28

When were the SRs and Mensheviks banned?

Answer 28

1921