The oceans O

Question 1

What is a cation? (O1)

Answer 1

A positive ion

Question 2

What is an anion? (O1)

Answer 2

A negative ion

Question 3

How does an ionic lattice appear in the ocean? (O1)

Answer 3

The ions become surrounded by water molecules and spread out through out the water. The dissolved ions are no longer arranged and they behave independently of each other.

Question 4

What kind of process is separating the ions from the lattice? (O1)

Answer 4

Endothermic

Question 5

What determines whether an ionic substance dissolves? (O1)

Answer 5

The energy changes in solution

Question 6

What is the lattice enthalpy? (O1)

Answer 6

The lattice enthalpy is the enthalpy change when one mole of solid is formed by the coming together of the separate ions.

When ions are separated they are said to be in the gaseous state when they are held together in the lattice they are said to be in the solid state.

All lattice enthalpies are large negative quantities because strong bonds in the lattice are broken.

Question 7

What do lattice enthalpys depend on? (O1)

Carry on with O1 subtitle Hydration and solvation

Answer 7

The size of the ion. When the ionic radii decrease the lattice enthalpy is more negative. Can come closer together

The size of the change. When the ionic charges increase the lattice enthalpy is more negative

Bigger charge density.