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AQA GCSE History > The Origins Of The Cold War (1) > Flashcards

The Origins Of The Cold War (1) Flashcards

1
Q

What happened towards the end of the second world war?

A

The USA and the Soviet Union set aside their differences and formed an alliance against Nazi Germany.

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2
Q

When did World War Two end, and who remained the dominating powers?

A

1945,
The USA and the soviet union emerged as the dominating powers with the defeat of Nazi Germany and Japan.

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3
Q

What was the term used to describe the USA and USSR?

A

Superpowers

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4
Q

What is a superpower country?

A

Holds a dominant and influential position in the world due to having a stronger military than other countries and a large economy.

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5
Q

What did the Soviet Union lose and gain at the end of WW2?

A

They had heavy losses,
But gained new territories

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6
Q

What country was the first to obtain an atomic bomb, and why was this significant?

A

The USA,
The atomic bomb placed the US in a commanding position

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7
Q

Why was the USSR a superpower?

A

They had a growing control over Eastern Europe due to Stalin’s drive to modernise and develop an industrial nation.

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8
Q

What happened to Stalin in 1924?

A

He became party leader and ruthlessly executed many rivals.

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9
Q

How did Stalin manage his propaganda?

A

He carefully planned it by creating a cult of personality around the leader and hid the realities of his brutal regime.

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10
Q

How many opponents died during his time of absolute power?

A

20 Million opponents were murdered on his orders.

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11
Q

What countries were controlled by Russia from ____ to _____

A

Some including Ukraine, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.

From 1922 to 1999

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12
Q

Why did tensions between the USA and Soviet Union rise?

A

Both hated and feared each other’s political systems, and saw the other as a clear threat to security and world peace.

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13
Q

What happened in 1949 and why was it significant?

A

The Soviets matched the USA’s nuclear capabilities.

This was significant because the stakes for war were raised.

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14
Q

would it have been bad if the USA and Soviet Union went to war, and why?

A

Yes.
Because any conflict between the two could have ended in a nuclear war, and this could mean the end of life on earth.

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15
Q

What did the Cold War mark?

A

An era of tension that never led to direct military actions.

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16
Q

What did the USA and Soviet Union both do?

A

Both became involved in conflict around the world, often supplying aid/weapons to the superpowers enemy.

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17
Q

By the early 19th century what did many European countries identify as?

A

Capitalist.

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18
Q

What was Capitalism like in the US?

A

It was Individual Freedom and Democracy.

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19
Q

What challenged the US’s capitalist views?

A

Communism.

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20
Q

When did communism originate?

A

In the 1840s,
An ideology developed by Karl Marx.

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21
Q

What was Capitalism from a Communist’s perspective ?

A

An unfair system that put power in the hands of the wealthy who exploited their workers.

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22
Q

What is the idea of communism?

A

The workers would control the Government and factories, private business would be banned and a government of workers would own everything. everybody would be equal.

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23
Q

What happened in the early 20th century?

A

Communism grew in popularity.

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24
Q

What had not happened to Russia in the early 20th century?

A

Russia was not yet industrialised.

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25
Q

Who was Tsar Nicholas II?

A

The Russian monarch in the early 20th century, with absolute power.

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26
Q

Why were Russians angry at Tsar Nicholas II?

A

While most Russians were living in poverty, he was living a life of luxury.

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27
Q

What caused the Russians ideas about Revolution?

A

Communism.

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28
Q

Who did the Russians blame for the devastation of WW1, and what did they do ?

A

They blamed Tsar Nicholas II.
And they forced him to give up the throne.

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29
Q

Who took control after Tsar Nicholas II gave up the throne?

A

A group of communists known as the Bolsheviks.

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30
Q

Why did Britain and the US send troops into Russia after the Revolution?

A

They did not want to see communism succeed.

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31
Q

What did Lenin and the Bolsheviks often use, and what did they do?

A

Brutal methods.

They banned other political parties, private businesses and newspapers were seized.

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32
Q

What was the difference between Communist and Capitalist economy?

A

Capitalism had free economy while communism had a controlled economy.

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33
Q

What were the idealogical differences between The West and USSR?

A

With communism on the rise this called for the overthrow of Capitalism.
Lien called for a ‘World Revolution’ and for the world’s workers to unite against their capitalist oppressors.

34
Q

What were the differences between The West and the USSR’s propaganda?

A

Both sides spread fear over the public.
In the Soviet Union, capitalism and The West were Oppressive and Dangerous.
The West spread the same message about Communism.

35
Q

The Russian withdrawal from WW1, and its impact?

A

Many in the west found it hard to forgive Russia for their withdrawal in 1917.
It left Allies in a very difficult situation as they felt that Russia could not be trusted.

36
Q

What did the Western countries do during the Russian civil war?

A

They sent in troops to fight for the whites, who opposed the Blosheviks (The Reds).

37
Q

What did the Nazi-Soviet pact entail?

A

In 1939, Stalin signed an agreement that stated neither Countries would attack each other.
Proved in the west that Stalin could not be trusted.

38
Q

What was operation Barbarossa?

A

Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union and breaking the Nazi-Soviet pact of non-aggression.
Hitler pushed the Soviets into an extraordinary alliance with the US.

39
Q

What were the West’s aims of the victorious powers?

A

The West and the USSR would continue to cooperate.

Germany should be rebuilt into an independent democratic country.

Liberated countries in Eastern Europe should have the right to self-determination.

The formation of the United Nations would provide security.

40
Q

What were the USSR’s aims of the victorious powers?

A

They should continue to cooperate with the USA and Britain.
Guarantee the USSR’s security.
Germany should remain weak as to never threaten the USSR again.
The USSR should be able to make their own decisions.

41
Q

Who were the ‘big three’ in Yalta?

A

Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joesph Stalin.

42
Q

What were the aims of the leaders in The Yalta Conference?

A

Success in rebuilding post-war Europe depended on the men who led the three most powerful countries.

43
Q

What was the big concern for the three leaders at Yalta, and what did they do about it?

A

The division of Germany.
They divided Germany into 4 parts one for each of the Allied powers.

44
Q

What was the problem for the Yalta leaders?

A

Although all agreed to the Declaration of a Liberated Europe, they all viewed it differently.

45
Q

Who took over when Roosevelt died?

A

Vice President Harry Truman.

46
Q

Why did the Grand Alliance begin to disintegrate?

A

Stalin wanted Germany to pay reparations to the USSR, but Truman and Attlee opposed this.

47
Q

What were Trumans goals?

A

He had many of the same goals as Roosevelt.
He argued for self-determination for the countries of Europe and a world in which countries cooperated politically and economically.

48
Q

What was the relationship between Truman and Stalin?

A

Trumans relationship with Stalin was unfriendly from the start.

He was concerned about the growth of soviet power in Eastern Europe.

Truman became quickly convinced that Stalin did not want cooperation.

49
Q

What were Attlee’s concerns about the USSR’s expansion?

A

Attlee believed the only way to ensure a peaceful Europe was to make sure that Germany was safe from attack, and Stalin did not want this

50
Q

What were Stalin’s worries about the US?

A

He believed that the US were a rival for power and influence in Europe, and was determined to ensure Soviet security.

51
Q

What were the key agreements of Potsdam?

A

Germany was divided.
The Nazi party was banned.
Germans living elsewhere returned to Germany.

52
Q

What did Truman believe about the US’s possession of the Atomic Bomb?

A

Truman told the USSR very little about the Atomic Bomb.
Truman saw a huge advantage that having the worlds first Atomic Bomb would give to the USA.

53
Q

When was the worlds first Atomic Bomb dropped?

A

8:15am on the 6th of August.

54
Q

Where was the worlds first Atomic Bomb dropped?

A

Hiroshima, Japan.

55
Q

How many people did the Atomic Bomb in Hiroshima kill?

A

Around 70,000.

56
Q

Where was Americas second Atomic Bomb dropped?

A

Nagasaki, Japan.

57
Q

How many people died in Nagasaki when the Atomic Bomb dropped?

A

Around 40,000.

58
Q

What did the Atomic Bombs cause Japan to do?

A

Surrender, And the Second World War ended.

59
Q

What was it difficult for Non-Communists to do?

A

Gain Power.

60
Q

Why was Communism popular after WW2?

A

Because of the devastation of Nazism.

61
Q

What did Soviets do to ensure Pro-USSR communists were put in powerful positions?

A

The Arrest and Execution of opponents
and
The rigging of elections.

62
Q

After his Defeat in 1945 was Winston Churchill still an influential figure?

A

Yes he remained active in the world of Politics.

63
Q

What happened on the 6th of March 1946?

A

Winston Churchill made a speech directly criticising the actions of the USSR, accusing them of attempting to spread and gain more influence at all costs.

64
Q

What did Churchill describe the invisible divide between the East and the West?

A

The Iron Curtain.

65
Q

What did The Iron Curtain do?

A

Ended all Communication between countries either side of it, that included Trade and Tourism.

66
Q

What was the ‘Long Telegram’?

A

A Detailed and lengthy report describing the USA’s fears about soviet ambitions.

67
Q

What did Truman promise to do for every country being invaded with Communism?

A

Provide support in whatever ways necessary.

68
Q

What was ‘Cominform’?

A

Communist information bureau.
The Soviet response to Trumans speech.

69
Q

What did Stalin believe the Truman Doctrine was threatening?

A

Communism.

70
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

A

A recovery Plan to Rebuild Europe after it being devastated in WW2.

71
Q

What did The American government believe that the poor people in Europe were a threat too?

A

It was widely accepted that extreme political ideas became more popular when people were poor and felt like they had no hope.

72
Q

What did the Marshall Plan aim to do?

A

Provide Economical support to European countries as they were rebuilt after the war years.

73
Q

How much money was sent to aid Europe with the Marshall Plan?

A

$13.15 Billion.

74
Q

What did Stalin see the Marshall Plan as?

A

A clear attempt for the US to gain a greater influence in Europe.

75
Q

What was the Marshall Aid also seen as?

A

Dollar Imperialism

76
Q

What was the Soviet equivalent of the Marshall Plan?

A

Comecon.

77
Q

What was the aim of Comecon?

A

That Eastern European countries should not accept Marshall Aid.
provide support and bring economic stability.

78
Q

What was Yugoslavias relationship like with Stalin?

A

It was unique.
Tito (Yugoslavias leader) went against Stalin’s wishes on a number of issues to show independence.

79
Q

What was the only European Country outside of the iron curtain, and why?

A

Yugoslavia.
And because they decided to Defy Stalin and seek Marshall Aid.

80
Q

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A

AQA GCSE History (3 decks)

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