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Chemistry L5 > The Periodic Table > Flashcards

The Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

A Group

A

Vertical column of elements with the same number of electrons in outer shell
Have fairly similar properties

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2
Q

Elements are arranged in

A

Order of atomic number

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3
Q

A period

A

Horizontal row
Same number of occupied shells
Do not have similar properties

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4
Q

Group one reactivity

A

Very reactive

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5
Q

Group 1 lose of gain

A

Lose 1 electron

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6
Q

Group 1 bonding

A

Soft Weak metallic bonding
e- per M+ ion
M+ ions in a sea of delocalised electrons
Low melting and boiling point
Low densities - first 3 alkali metal float on water

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7
Q

Ionic bonding

A

Metal and non-metal

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8
Q

Group 2 properties of compounds

A

Hard, brittle
High melting point
Don’t conduct electricity in solid state
Conduct electricity when liquid
Dissolve in water NOT in non polar solvents

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9
Q

Lithium reaction with water

A

Floats, fizzes, gets smaller, moves around, eventually disappears
Makes lithium hydroxide

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10
Q

Sodium reaction with water

A

Floats, fizzes, gets smaller, moves around, eventually disappears
Melts into silver ball

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11
Q

Potassium with water

A

Floats, fizzes, gets smaller, moves around, eventually disappears
Violent
Lilac flame

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12
Q

Halides, sulphates, nitrates and carbonates

A

Dissolve in water
Not in non polar solvents
Ionic compounds

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13
Q

Uses of group 1 elements and compounds

A

LiI batteries
KCl fertaliser
NaOH bleach/oven cleaner
NaCl salt preserves food

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14
Q

Group 1 gets

A

More reactive as go down

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15
Q

Lose electrons

A

++

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16
Q

Gain electrons

A

–

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17
Q

Group 2 properties

A 
Less reactive - lose 2 electrons
Metallic bonding M++ for every 2e- 
Lattice
Higher melting point as attraction is stronger
Hard
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18
Q

Reaction with steam forms

A

Oxide

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19
Q

Reaction with water forms

A

Hydroxide

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20
Q

Ca(OH)2

A

Hydrogen gas clings to Ca so less dense so floats.
Then hydrogen escapes into atmosphere so sinks.
Bobs up and down

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21
Q

Metal carbonate + heat

A

Metal oxide + carbon dioxide

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22
Q

Uses of group elements and compounds

A

Mg(OH)2 milk of magnesia neutralises excess acid in stomach

CaCO3 toothpaste

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23
Q

Flame test carry out

A

Clean silicon glass rod
(If not clean use concentrated hydrochloric acid)
Put in blue flame
Observe colour

24
Q

Li+ colour flame test

A

Red

25
Q

Na+ colour flame test

A

Orange/ intense yellow

26
Q

K+ colour flame test

A

Lilac

27
Q

Ca++ colour flame

A

Brick red

28
Q

Group 7 reacts to from

A

Salts - halogens

29
Q

Group 7 reactive properties

A

Gain 1

Electron forming X- ion

30
Q

Test for Chlorine

A

Damp red litmus paper is bleached white
Or
Damp blue litmus paper turns red and the beach white

31
Q

Iron (ii) colour

A

Green solid

32
Q

Iron (iii) colour

A

Brown solid

33
Q

Atomicity means

A

How many atoms in a molecule

34
Q

Fluorine colour and state

A

Yellow gas

35
Q

Chlorine colour and state

A

Green gas

36
Q

Bromine colour and state

A

Red/brown liquid

37
Q

Iodine colour and state

A

Black solid

38
Q

Halogens boiling point

A

Low - breaking intermolecular forces which are weak
Increases as go down. Intermolecular forces get strong
Total number if electrons in the molecule is bigger

39
Q

Halogens conductivity

A

Do not

Have no free electrons or ions

40
Q

Potassium chloride + silver nitrate

A

Turns milky from colourless
Potassium nitrate + silver chloride
White precipitate

41
Q

Potassium bromide + silver nitrate

A

A cream precipitate

42
Q

Potassium iodide + silver nitrate

A

Primrose precipitate

43
Q

Silver nitrate test

A
  • solid dissolve in distilled water
  • add to dilute nitric acid ( to destroy carbonate ions which interferes as it gives a cream precipitate) and aqueous silver nitrate
44
Q

Chloride, bromide, iodide as halide ion solution

A

Colourless

45
Q

Chlorine + halogen solution

A

Virtually colourless

V.v.v pale green

46
Q

Bromine + halogen solution

A

Orange

47
Q

Iodine + halogen solution

A

Brown

48
Q

Use of chlorine

A

Sterilise public water
Kills bacteria by oxidation
Prevents cholera and typhrid

49
Q

Iodine use

A

Mild antiseptic dissolved in alcohol

50
Q

Chlorine in PVC

A

Show curtains

51
Q

Why cannot add hydrogen chloride to water ======| |
| |
| |
——

A

Hydrogen chloride would dissolve in water making hydrochloric acid.
Get a vacuum in delivery tube + water would suck into concentrated sulphuric acid (used to make the hydrogen chloride)
Give out heat to make steam and increase pressure result in an explosion

52
Q

Hydrogen chloride how to do

A

Inverted funnel
If air starts to suck back, air can get under the funnel and release the pressure
Larger surface area to allow more hydrogen chloride to dissolve so less likely to suck back

53
Q

Collection of hydrogen gas

A 
Downward delivery (denser than air)
Gas syringe
54
Q

Test for hydrogen chloride gas

A

Take stopper from concentrated ammonia solution and hold it in gas
A white smoke of ammonium chloride is formed

55
Q

Hazards of hydrogen chloride

A

Corrosive

Irritant

56
Q

Hydrogen chloride bond

A

Covalent

Chemistry L5 (2 decks)

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