The Periodic Table

Question 1

Who first arranged the elements in order of atomic weight?

Answer 1

John Newlands

Question 2

When did John Newlands put together a periodic table?

How many elements were in it?

Answer 2

In 1864

63 elements

Question 3

How did John Newlands organise his periodic table?

Answer 3

In order of atomic weight

Question 4

What did Newlands notice?

What was the problem with his periodic table?

Answer 4

He noticed some periodicity (repeating patterns)
The missing elements caused problems and ordering them based on atomic weight meant that some elements were in the wrong place

Question 5

Who realised there were still some elements that had yet been discovered?

Answer 5

Dimitri Mendeleev

Question 6

When did Mendeleev create his table?

Answer 6

In 1869

Question 7

How was Mendeleev’s table organised?

Answer 7

He left gaps for elements that had yet to be discovered
Each element was placed in a vertical column (“group”) with similar properties
Used this to predict the existence and properties of new elements

Question 8

When sub-atomic particles were discovered, what did it reveal about Mendeleev’s periodic table?

Answer 8

That he had ordered the elements in order of increasing atomic number (number of protons)

Question 9

What group are noble gases part of?

Answer 9

Group 0

Question 10

What are the elements in group 0 called?

Answer 10

Noble gases

Question 11

Noble gas atoms have …

Answer 11

Noble gas atoms have a full outer shell of electrons

Question 12

Are group 0 gases un-reactive, reactive or very reactive?

Why?

Answer 12

They are very unreactive non-metals as they have a full outer shell and have a very stable electron configuration

Question 13

What group are alkali metals part of?

Answer 13

Group 1

Question 14

What are the elements in group 1 called?

Answer 14

Alkali metals

Question 15

State 3 facts about the elements in group 1.

Answer 15

Alkali metals have:

• have one electron in their outermost shell
• have a low melting point and boiling points that decrease down the group
• become more reactive down the group

Question 16

Why do Alkali metals get more reactive as you go down the group?

Answer 16

Bc. the outer electron gets further away from the influence of the nucleus, so it can be lost more easily

Question 17

How are alkali metals stored?

Why?

Answer 17

They’re stored under oil because they react vigorously with oxygen and water including moisture in the air

Question 18

What happens when alkali metals are in contact with water?

Answer 18

They react with water and a metal hydroxide will be formed and hydrogen gas is given off

Question 19

Why does the reactivity of group 1 metals increase as you go down the group?

Answer 19

Because the outer electron is lost more easily

Question 20

What forms when group 1 metals are in contact with oxygen?

Give an example

Answer 20

They form metal oxides
e.g.
Sodium reacts with oxygen to form sodium oxide

Question 21

Elements that have the same number of electrons in their …

Answer 21

Elements that have the same number of electrons in their …
Outer shell
have similar properties

Question 22

What is the density of group 1 metals?

Answer 22

They have a low density

- lithium, sodium and potassium are less dense than water so float on top of it

Question 23

What is produced when a metal hydroxide (e.g. potassium hydroxide) is dissolved in water?

Answer 23

An alkaline solution is produced

Question 24

What do alkali metals react to, to form an ionic compound?

Answer 24

They react with non-metals to form ionic compounds

Question 25

What happens when alkali metals react with non-metals?

What happens to the metal atom?

Answer 25

They form ionic compounds

The metal atom will lose an electron to form a metal ion with a positive (+1) charge

Question 26

What are the elements in group 7 known as?

Answer 26

Halogens

Question 27

What group do the halogens belong to?

Answer 27

Group 7

Question 28

How many electrons do group 7 elements have in their outer shell?

Answer 28

7 electrons

They’re missing 1

Question 29

What happens to reactivity as you go down the group?

Why?

Answer 29

The reactivity decreases down the group as the outer shell gets further away from the nucleus so its less easy to gain an electron

Question 30

What do halogens react with to produce ionic salts?

Answer 30

They react with metals to produce iconic salts

Question 31

When halogens react with metals, what do they produce?

What happens to the halogen atom?

Answer 31

They react with metals to produce iconic salts

The halogen atom will gain one electron to form a halide ion with a negative (-1) charge

Question 32

What will a more reactive halogen do to a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt?
Give examples of this.

Answer 32

It will displace the less reactive halogen
Chlorine will displace bromine from potassium bromide and iodine from potassium iodide
Bromine will displace iodine from potassium iodide

Question 33

What is the formula for Retention factor (Rf)?

Answer 33

Rf = distance moved by solute
————————————
distance moved by solvent

Question 34

When describing distillation remember to talk about the condenser (and more if it is worth many marks)

Answer 34

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