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202 - Theme 1 > The Skull and the Cranial Cavity > Flashcards

The Skull and the Cranial Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 tissues in the scalp – from superficial to deep?

A

S - Skin
C - Connective tissue(dense)
A - Aponeuronsis of ocipitofrontalis muscle
L - Loose connective tissue
P - Periostium of the Skull

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2
Q

What does aponeurosis mean?

A

Flat sheet tendon

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3
Q

What layer of the scalp has the greatest blood supply?

A

Dense Connective Tissue

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4
Q

Why do scalp laceration bleed so much?

A

If the dense connective tissue is severed, it will be unable to retract to its original position. When suturing you must make sure that all layer are closed.

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5
Q

What are the 2 portions of the skull?

A

1) Neurocranium - surrounds the brain
2) Viscerocranium - facial skeleton

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6
Q

What are the joints between the bones in the skull called?

A

Sutures

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7
Q

When do sutures form in development?

A

At 5 years of age. Before this fontanelles are present

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8
Q

What are the 6 bones that make up the neurocranium?

A

1)Parietal
2)Occipital
3)Temporal
4)Sphenoid
5)Frontal
6)Ethmoid

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9
Q

Label the diagram showing the bones that make up the neurocranium?

A
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10
Q

What are the 8 bones that make up the viscerocranium?

A

1)Nasal
2)Lacrimal
3)Vomer
4)Maxilla
5)Zygoma
6)Inferior Conchae
7)Mandible
8)Palatine

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11
Q

Label the diagram showing the bones that make up the viscerocranium?

A
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12
Q

What is the pterion, and what is its clinical significance?

A

The pterion is the suture point between the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones. This makes its a structual weak point. Deep to it is the middle meningeal artery(MMA), which can rupture if the pterion is injured.

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13
Q

What is meant by the term hydrocephalus?

A

This is cerebral spinal fluid build up in the brain.

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14
Q

What is the difference between an aneurysm and haemorrhage?

A

An aneursm is a weakend blood vessel. A heamorrhage is a ruptured blood vessel.

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15
Q

What does foramina mean and what is its purpose?

A

Foramina means small hole. In the skull it is the entrance for arteries and the exits for cranial nerves and veins.

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16
Q

What are the names and numbers of the 12(15) cranial nerves?

A

I - Oldfactory
II - Optic
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal: V(1)Opthalmic, V(2)Maxillary, V(3)Mandibular
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal

17
Q

What are the names of the 11 cranial foramina?

A

1)Cribiform Plate
2)Optic canal
3)Superior orbital fissure
4)Rotundum
5)ovale
6)Spinosum
7)Lacerum
8)Internal acoustic meatus
9)Jugular foramen
10)Hypoglossal canal
11)Magnum

18
Q

Label the diagram showing the cranial foramina?

A

1)Cribiform Plate
2)Optic canal
3)Superior orbital fissure
4)Rotundum
5)ovale
6)Spinosum
7)Lacerum
8)Internal acoustic meatus
9)Jugular foramen
10)Hypoglossal canal
11)Magnum

19
Q
  1. Create a table or equivalent showing which arteries, veins and nerves enter and exit the cranial foramina?(Expand on the asterisk*)
A

The carotid artery does not enter the foramen, it lays on top.

20
Q

What are the 2 main arteries that supply the brain?

A

1) Internal carotid
2) Vertebral artery

21
Q

Label the diagram showing the arterial supply of the brain.

A
22
Q

What are the 2 names for the place where the branches of the anastomose in a circle?

A

Circle of Willis/ The cerebral arterial cirlce

23
Q

Where do the vertebral arteries enter, and what do they form?

A

They enter the foramen magnum.They unite form the basilar artery.

24
Q

What does the internal carotid artery innervate?

A

The brain

25
Q

What does the external carotid innervate?

A

The Face

26
Q

What arteries are anastomosing to form the circle of Willis?

A

2 internal carotid arteries and 2 vertebral arteries

27
Q

What cerebral arteries arise form the circle of Willis?

A

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

28
Q

Label the diagram showing the cerebral arterial supply of the brain.

A
29
Q

What does the anterior cerebral supply?

A

supplies the medial and superior surfaces of the brain and frontal pole.

30
Q

What does the middle cerebral supply?

A

the lateral surfaces and temporal pole.

31
Q

What does the posterior cerebral supply?

A

the inferior surfaces and occipital pole.

32
Q

What is the clinical significance of the cerebral arteries?

A

If these arteries are occuluded there is no anastomose. So they will result in a stroke leading to ischaemic brain tissue,

202 - Theme 1 (2 decks)

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