the state of the medical literature

Question 1

in 2005 how much of the published medical literature were true

Answer 1

In 2005 John Ioannidis
estimated that only
about 15% of
published research
findings are true

Question 2

why most published findings are wrong three things

Answer 2

1-Smaller studies are
more likely to give
false results
2-Smaller effects are
more likely to be
false
3-The more things
that are tested, the
more likely some
are to be false

Question 3

positive or negative findings are more likely to be published

Answer 3

Positive findings are
twice as likely to be
published

Question 4

how much of the researched have the fabrication data

Answer 4

13% of researchers have witnessed data fabrication

Question 5

how we can increase medical literature reliability

Answer 5

1. Increase replicability
2. Reduce questionable
   research practices, bias,
   & conflicts of interest
3. Educate professionals
   4.Encourage the next
   generation to be
   leaders in the use of
   good evidence

Question 6

do all of the findings follow the design flow

Answer 6

A paper discussing the
finding that half of clinical
trials contain easily
avoided design flaw

Question 7

what are the pilot studies

Answer 7

Pilot studies are small, underpowered trials used to determine whether a
proposed study is feasible

Question 8

what is the question that is asked before the pilot study

Answer 8

Will the study design and methods work, or do they need to be improved before a full-scale trial is conducted?

Question 9

what does the data show in the pilot studies

Answer 9

• The data should be used to draw conclusions about feasibility

Question 10

should pilot studies use to draw the conclusion for efficiency

Answer 10

they should not be used to draw conclusions about efficacy

Question 11

what is scientific reward system looking for

Answer 11

The scientific reward system selects for
poor methodology & false positive results