The Tudors and Stuarts Flashcards
After his victory in the Wars of the Roses, what steps did Henry VII take to secure peace in England and his position as king?
- Deliberately strengthened central administration of
England - Reduced power of the nobles
- Built monarchy’s financial reserves
When he died, his son Henry VIII continued the policy of centralising power.
What was Henry VIII most famous for?
- Breaking away from the Church of Rome
- Marrying six times
Who were the six wives of Henry VIII?
1) Catherine of Aragon: Spanish princess who gave birth to a daughter called Mary
2) Anne Boleyn: an English woman who gave birth to a daughter called Elizabeth
3) Jane Seymour: she gave Henry the son he wanted, Edward, but she died shortly after the birth
4) Anne of Cleves: German princess whom Henry married for political reasons
5) Catherine Howard: cousin of Anne Boleyn
6) Catherine Parr: widow who married Henry late in his life
Which of the wives got executed and why?
2) Anne Boleyn: was unpopular in the country and was accused of taking lovers. She was executed at the Tower of London.
5) Catherine Howard: a cousin of Anne Boleyn who was also accused of taking lovers and executed.
Which of the wives got divorced and why?
1) Catherine of Aragon: too old to give him a son for an heir so was divorced
4) Anne of Cleves: this German princess was married for political reasons and divorced soon after.
Which of wives of Henry VIII survived divorce or execution?
3) Jane Seymour: died shortly after giving birth to a son , Edward.
6) Catherine Parr: the widow who married Henry late in his life, survived him and married again but died soon after.
Why did Henry VIII establish the Church of England?
To divorce his first wife, Henry needed the approval of the Pope, who refused. In the new Church, Henry established that the king, not the Pope, would have the power to appoint bishops and order how people should worship.
What was the Reformation?
A movement across Europe against the authority of the Pope and ideas and practices of the Roman Catholic Church.
There was a rise of Protestant churches.
How were the Protestant ideas different from the Catholic’s?
- Protestants read the Bible in their own languages instead of in Latin
- they did not pray to saints or at shrines
- they believed that a person’s own relationship with God was more important than submitting to the Church’s authority
When and which places did Protestant ideas gain strength?
During the 16th century, Protestant ideas gradually gained strength in England, Wales and Scotland
Attempts by the English to impose Protestantism in Ireland led to rebellion from the Irish chieftains, and much brutal fighting followed.
What was the Act for the Government of Wales?
During the reign of Henry VIII, Wales became formally united with England by the Act for the Government of Wales.
The Welsh sent representatives to the House of Commons and the Welsh legal system was reformed.
Who succeeded Henry VIII?
His son Edward VI, son of Jane Seymour (3rd wife)
Instead of his first daughter Mary
What is the Book of Common Prayer?
Edward VI was strongly Protestant and during his reign, the Book of Common Prayer was written to be used in the Church of England.
A version of this book is still used in some churches today.
How long did Edward VI reign?
Edward died at the age of fifteen after ruling for just over 6 years
Who succeeded Edward VI?
His half-sister Mary, daughter of Catherine of Aragon (1st wife)
