The Universe

Question 1

What is Nuclear fusion and where does it occur:

Answer 1

n nuclear fusion, two or more small nuclei combine to form a single larger nucleus, a neutron, and a tremendous amount of energy. Nuclear fusion of hydrogen to form helium occurs naturally in the sun and other stars. It takes place only at extremely high temperatures.

Question 2

Describe the life cycle of massive stars

Answer 2

Medium stars (like our Sun) grow into Red Giants, blow off their outer layers (planetary nebula) and become white dwarfs (10 by).

Question 3

Describe the life cycle of low mass stars:

Answer 3

Small stars (red dwarfs) burn out slowly (30 by+), die peacefully, and turn into a brown/black dwarf.

Question 4

How does the percentage of hydrogen and helium change over the life cycle of a star?

Answer 4

As the star ages, the percentage of helium in a star drops.

Question 5

describe the life cycle of sun-like stars:

Answer 5

Small stars (red dwarfs) burn out slowly (30 by+), die peacefully, and turn into a brown/black dwarf.

Question 6

How does the percentage of hydrogen and helium change over the life cycle of a star:

Answer 6

As the star ages, the percentage of helium in a star drops.

Question 7

How does the sun compare to other stars on the H-R diagram?

Answer 7

The sun is of about average hotness and luminosity compared to other stars on the HR diagram.

Question 8

Hubbles law

Answer 8

law that describes how galaxies move away from each other making it look like the universe is expanding

Question 9

Hubble’s law tells us that the universe

Answer 9

Galaxies far away are moving faster than the nearby galaxies. This is known as Hubble’s Law.

Question 10

Age of the universe?

Answer 10

The universe is expanding and getting cooler.

Question 11

What evidence is there of the big bang?

Answer 11

a) Evidence that galaxies are expanding away from each other. 2) Cosmic background microwave radiation.

Question 12

Age of the universe?

Answer 12

The universe is expanding and getting cooler.

Question 13

Abolute magnitude:

Answer 13

how bright the star appears at a standard distance of 32.6 light-years, or 10 parsecs

Question 14

How does the percentage of hydrogen change throughout a stars life?

Answer 14

frequency is defined as the number of times an event occurs per unit of time

Question 15

Radio waves

Answer 15

Electromagnetic radiation is transmitted in waves or particles at different wavelengths and frequencies

Question 16

Gamma Ray

Answer 16

Light with the shortest wavelengths and the highest energies and frequencies

Question 17

Giants

Answer 17

bigger around and much brighter than a dwarf star

Question 18

Hubbles law

Answer 18

law that describes how galaxies move away from each other making it look like the universe is expanding

Question 19

Infrared

Answer 19

Infrared radiation is a type is a radiation where the wave is longer than light which humans can see and shorter than microwaves. The word infrared means below red.

Question 20

Luminosity

Answer 20

energy given of by an astronomical object in a certain amount of time.

Question 21

Nebula

Answer 21

A nebula is a cloud of gas and dust in space.

Question 22

Neutron Star

Answer 22

star that is an extremely dense mass of neutrons, formed at the core of a supernova,

Question 23

Nuclear Fusion

Answer 23

the process of making a single heavy nucleus (part of an atom) from two lighter nuclei.

Question 24

Planetary Nebula

Answer 24

A planetary nebula is created when a star blows off its outer layers after it has run out of fuel to burn. These outer layers of gas expand into space, forming a nebula which is often the shape of a ring or bubble.

Question 25

Radio waves

Answer 25

Electromagnetic radiation is transmitted in waves or particles at different wavelengths and frequencies

Question 26

Supergiants

Answer 26

Supergiant stars are the largest stars in the universe.

Question 27

Supernova

Answer 27

a star that suffers a catastrophic explosion that ejects most of its mass.

Question 28

Ultraviolet

Answer 28

radiation with wavelengths shorter than visible light.

Question 29

Visible light

Answer 29

visible light is defined as the wavelengths that are visible to most human eyes

Question 30

Wavelength

Answer 30

One of the characteristics of light is that it behaves like a wave. As a result, light can be defined by its wavelength

Question 31

white dwarfs

Answer 31

A white dwarf is a compact star. Their matter is squashed together. … The mass of a white dwarf is similar to the mass of the Sun, but its volume is similar to that of the Earth.

Question 32

X-ray

Answer 32

A form of electromagnetic radiation, similar to light but of shorter wavelength and capable of penetrating solids and of ionizing gases.