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British Empire 1857-1890 > The Whole Empire > Flashcards

The Whole Empire Flashcards

1
Q

Swing to the East

A

Britain shifted its focus away from the newly-independent America and towards Africa and Asia

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2
Q

What had the Industrial Revolution armed Britain with that helped in obtaining new territories?

A

Advances in transport and weaponry

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3
Q

What did controlling an empire enable Britain to do?

A
  • Secure an international market to sell British goods into
    Secure access to raw materials at cheaper prices to fuel Britain’s industrial revolution
  • Spread Christianity
  • Compete with other colonial powers and weaken their rivals in Europe
  • Elevate British prestige
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4
Q

Between 1850 and 1875 what % of Britain’s imports were from colonies?

A

20%

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5
Q

20% of Britain’s imports were from colonies between what years?

A

1850 and 1875

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6
Q

Between 1850 and 1875, what % of British exports went to colonies?

A

33%

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7
Q

33% of British exports went to colonies between what years?

A

1850 and 1875

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8
Q

Mercantilism

A

The economic policy of a state that aims to maximise the export of the state while minimising the reliance on imports

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9
Q

The economic policy of a state that aims to maximise the export of the state while minimising the reliance on imports

A

Mercantilism

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10
Q

Why did the government not take a decisive stance on imperialism before 1870?

A
  • Communication technology was limited to the telegraph and letters
  • Companies’ actions were far from Parliament and Whitehall
  • Companies helped Britain to challenge other colonial powers
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11
Q

Why did the British government adopted more imperialist policies from 1870?

A
  • Needed to retain dominance over colonial rivals
  • Economic depression 1870s- 1890s meant that foreign export markets became more attractive
  • Increased poor conduct of chartered companies forced government intervention
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12
Q

How did Christians view the empire?

A

A way of spreading Christianity and civilising people

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13
Q

The naval building programmes of France and Germany caused concern in what decade?

A

1880s

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14
Q

What programmes in France and Germany caused concern in the 1880s?

A

Naval building programmes

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15
Q

What did Britain do in response to French expansion in Asia?

A

Annexed countries including Malaya and North Borneo

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16
Q

What did Britian do to ensure free trade?

A

Threats or coercion

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17
Q

Example of when Britain enforced free trade

A

The Opium Wars in China

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18
Q

What technological advancements supported economic growth?

A
  • railways
  • steamships
  • telegraph lines
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19
Q

Products from tropical colonies

A
  • sugar
  • coffee
  • palm oil
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20
Q

How did Britain exploit the natural resources of colonies?

A
  • obtained them at cheap prices
  • sold the manufactured goods they were used to produce back to the colonies
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21
Q

Why was there limited development of industry in colonies?

A

Could not compete with British goods

22
Q

How did explorers help the empire?

A
  • produced maps
  • publicity
23
Q

What did John Mackenzie do in 1885?

A

put pressure on the government to establish a protectorate over Bechuanaland

24
Q

Who was John Mackenzie?

A

A missionary

25
Q

Who put pressure on the government to establish a protectorate over Bechuanaland in 1885?

A

John Mackenzie

26
Q

When did Mackenzie put pressure on the government to establish a protectorate over Bechuanaland?

A

1885

27
Q

Mackenzie put pressure on the government to establish a protectorate over where?

A

Bechuanaland

28
Q

Whose 1858 Zambezi river expedition did the government fund?

A

David Livingstone

29
Q

The government funded Livingstone’s expedition where?

A

The Zambezi river

30
Q

When was Livingstone’s expedition along the Zambezi river?

A

1858

31
Q

How many letters did David Livingstone send home from his travels?

A

2000

32
Q

Who sent 2000 letters home from his travels?

A

Livingstone

33
Q

Livingstone’s views

A
  • anti-slavery
  • opposed the Boer and Portuguese treatment of Africans
34
Q

Who wrote 43 books on his travels?

A

Burton

35
Q

What did the books of explorers do?

A

bring Eastern ideas to the Western world

36
Q

Which explorer co-founded the Anthropological Society?

A

Burton

37
Q

What did Burton co-found?

A

The Anthropological Society

38
Q

What did the Anthropological Society do?

A

promote the view that different races are a different species

39
Q

Who tried to find the source of the River Nile?

A

Burton and Speke

40
Q

Burton and Speke tried to find the source of what?

A

River Nile

41
Q

What did Burton become famous for in the 1850s?

A

Stories of Muslim Life and Manners

42
Q

Who invited Burton and Speke to discuss their theories?

A

British Association for the Advancement of Science

43
Q

How many books did Burton publish on his explorations?

A

43

44
Q

What 2 lakes did Burton and Speke discover?

A
  • Lake Tanganyika
  • Lake Victoria
45
Q

How did missionaries harm the empire?

A

Disagreed with locals and local British administrators

46
Q

Where did missionaries in Australia prepare the ground for British rule in 1874?

A

Fiji

47
Q

How did missionaries help the empire?

A
  • education
  • spread British values
  • claimed territory
48
Q

Female missionaries

A
  • Mary Slessor
  • Mary Carpenter
  • Amy Carmichael
49
Q

What did missionaries often do in return for conversion to Christianity?

A

provided housing and work

50
Q

Why did France want to expand their empire after 1870?

A
  • wanted to promote French culture
  • had to pay reparations after war with Prussia

British Empire 1857-1890 (6 decks)

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