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RESIT > Theme 3 - Part I > Flashcards

Theme 3 - Part I Flashcards

1
Q

Excretion and Elimination [2]

A

Body fluids

Environment

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2
Q

Kidney location [2]

A

Behind peritoneum

Medial side - joined to renal artery , vein, nerve and ureter

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3
Q

Cortical nephron [2]

A

70-80%

Short LOH into medulla

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4
Q

Juxtamedullary [1]

A

LOH deeper into renal pyramid

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5
Q

Renal artery [6]

A

Segmental -> Lobal -> arcuate -> Interlobular -> Aff arterioles -> Glomerulus

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6
Q

Efferent arteriole [5]

A

Venules -> Interlobular -> Arcuate -> Interlobae _> Renal vein

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7
Q

Sympathetic [3]

A

Postganglionic fibres from

  • sympathetic Chaim
  • fibres from coeliac ganglion

Arteries, aff/eff & granular cells (reduced blood supply)

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8
Q

Parasympathetic [3]

A

Efferent supply from vagus nerve - ganglion in hilum

  • control off arteriole tome
  • Modify GFR and renal BF
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9
Q

Filtration force [2]

A

BP

Differing diameter affects/eff

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10
Q

Ultrafiltration

A

Molecular state

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11
Q

Glomerular filtration [2]

A

BP & Renal BF

Pore in glomerular capillary endothelium -> BM of BC -> slits in Capsular space for epithelial BC cells

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12
Q

Force out [2]

A

GC hydrostatic pressure

Bowman Space oncotic pressure

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13
Q

Force in [2]

A

GC oncotic pressure

Bowman Space hydrostatic pressure

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14
Q

Autoregulation [2]

A

90-200 mmHg

Myogenic and metabolic

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15
Q

Aff dilate [5]

A

Prostaglandins, ANP, Dopamine, NO & Kinins

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16
Q

Aff constrict [4]

A

Noradrenaline (sympathetic), Endothelin, Adenosine and ADH

17
Q

Eff dilate and constrict [2]

A

Adenosine

Ang II

18
Q

Filtration pressure drops… [4]

A

Lower Na+ in PT
Macula densa senses
Stimulate juxtaglomerular cells to release renin
Ang II -> Vasoconstricts

19
Q

AQP1-4 locations

A

AQP1: Abundant in PT
AQP2: Collecting duct (apical surface) - ADH
AQP3/4: Basolateral surface of collecting duct

20
Q

SGLT1 & SGLT2

A

SGLT1: High affinity, low capacity. Proximal straight tubule
SGLT2: Low affinity, high capacity. Proximal convoluted tubule

Apical membrane

21
Q

Potassium
Urea
AA
Protein

A

Potassium: 70% reabsorbed - mostly passively through tight junctions

Urea: 40-50% filtered urea down gradient

AA: 7 independent transport processes & High Tm

Protein: Reabsorbed from PT via receptor mediated endocytosis

22
Q

Pinocytosis [4]

A

Small amounts of protein pass into filtrate via the glomerulus

These are reabsorbed by pinocytosis…

…vesicles transported into cell, degraded by lysosomes and amino acids returned to blood

Only limited transport capacity (low Tm)…

23
Q

Para-amino Hippurate [4]

A

Secreted into PT from blood

Measure tubular secretion

Transport into PT cells from alpha KG or di/tri carboxylates

Out of PT in exchange for anion

RESIT (12 decks)

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