Theme A

Question 1

Impacts of an aging population? (4)

Answer 1

1) increased demands on the NHS
2) higher cost of social care
3) increase in age-related conditions e.g. (Dementia)
4) raised cost of pensions for longer time periods

Question 2

Religion census 2021
(Buddhist, Christian, Hindu, Muslim Jew, other, none)

Answer 2

Buddhist → 0.5%
Christian→ 46.2%
Hindu → 1.7%
Muslim → 6.5%
Jew → 0.5%
Other → 0.6%
None → 37.2%

Question 3

Religion census 2011
(Buddhist, Christian Hindu, Jew, Muslim, none, other)

Answer 3

Buddhist → 0.4 %
Christian → 59.3 %
Hindu → 1.5%
Jew → 0.5 %
Muslim → 4.9 %
None → 25.2%
Other → 0.4%

Question 4

What is an economic migrant?

Answer 4

Someone who moves to another country for work or economic opportunities

Question 5

What is an asylum seeker?

Answer 5

Someone who leaves their country and seeks protection in another country, seeking asylum, and waiting to be granted refugee status

Question 6

What is a refugee?

Answer 6

Someone who has been forced to leave their home country, due to a well founded fear of persecution, war or violence

Question 7

Pros of migration (3)

Answer 7

They contribute to pensions (pay taxes)
Enhances diversity, tolerance and respect
They take over jobs left behind by the British

Question 8

Cons of migration

Answer 8

Population growth → increases demands on houses, NHS and education (could increase unemployment )

Rates of pay may reduce if economic migrants work for lower wages

Conflict between communities

Question 9

Why would commonwealth countries rather move to the uk as opposed to other European countries? (5)

Answer 9

Historical ties → (British colonies) creates a sense of familiarity

Language → primary language in the uk, spoken in many commonwealth countries

Cultural familiarity → cw countries often share cultural similarities with the uk such as similar traditions, customs and legal systems

Education + work opportunities → uk has renowned universities / better job opportunities

Legal / immigration advantages → streamlined visa processes

Question 10

What is respect and tolerance?

Answer 10

Respect→ treating people with kindness, consideration and dignity

Tolerance → being able to co-exist with people who hold different beliefs, come from
Different backgrounds or have different lifestyles (being nonjudgmental and inclusive )

Question 11

Which 9 characteristics does the equality act 2010 protect?

Answer 11

Sexual orientation, age, disability, gender reassignment, marital status, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion, sex

Question 12

3 ways mutual respect is upheld

Answer 12

Police monitor and record hate crimes

Free legal advice for civil law, provided by citizens advice

Victims of discrimination can pursue complaints through civil courts

Question 13

What is integration?

Answer 13

Bringing communities together and celebrating the diversities

Question 14

What is diversity?

Answer 14

Being apart of a community with a range of differences based on culture, religion etc

Question 15

What is a community cohesion?

Answer 15

Creating integrated communities

Question 16

Features of high level of cohesion (3)

Answer 16

Mutual respect
Celebration of diversity
Proactive community action

Question 17

Features of low level of cohesion (4)

Answer 17

Higher crime rates
Racism
Segregation of groups

Question 18

How can someone’s identity change? (3)

Answer 18

Changing religion
Changing sex
Moving to another country

Question 19

When was the universal declaration of human rights created and why?

Answer 19

December 10th 1948 ( after wW2) signed by members of the UN

it was a response to the atrocities and human rights violations that occurred during the world war
It was created to ensure everyone is entitled to their basic rights and freedoms regardless of their attributes and beliefs

Question 20

What are moral rights

Answer 20

Generally acceptable standards that the majority adhere to

Question 21

What is a legal right

Answer 21

A privilege or entitlement recognised and protected by the law. For example the right to freedom of speech, privacy, fair trial, own property and equal treatment.

Question 22

What does the consumer rights act 2015 declare?

Answer 22

Goods or services purchased should be as advertised

Money returned if goods or services aren’t as advertised

Question 23

4 key employment legislations

Answer 23

Minimum wage laws
Health and safety laws
Contracts of employment
Equality act 2010

Question 24

Key consumer organisations?

Answer 24

Citizens advice
Trading standards
Advertising standard authority

Question 25

What are political rights and give 2 examples.

Answer 25

Rights and freedoms that individuals have in the context of their participation in political processes, for example to vote in general elections to vote in local elections for counsellors to vote in referendums

Question 26

What are some political rights for all citizens?

Answer 26

To be able to lobby a member of Parliament, form a pressure group, organise a campaign, organise a meeting or protest, petition online

Question 27

What are the three principles of the rule of law?

Answer 27

Equality before the law
Innocent until proven guilty
Access to justice

Question 28

What was the Magna Carta?

Answer 28

A charter of rights granted to the English people signed by King John in 1215 it contains 63 agreements, which essentially ended the absolute power of the monarch.

Question 29

Why was the Magna Carta commemorated?

Answer 29

To state that the monarch was not above the law, it paved the way for trial by jury and protected individual rights and freedoms

Question 30

What can the central government do?

Answer 30

Passes national laws, including international relations, defence, national security, immigration, nuclear energy, broadcasting taxation Social Security and has devolved responsibility for England

Question 31

What are regional bodies responsible for?

Answer 31

Election of police and crime commissioners, an elected mayor

Question 32

What are councils responsible for?

Answer 32

Collection of council, tax and rates, social housing, leisure services, and education

Question 33

What is council tax?

Answer 33

Council tax is based on home value and is collected by district councils

Question 34

What are business rates?

Answer 34

Money paid based on the rental value of the building they operate from, and half the money is given to central government and distributed nationality