Theme A

Question 1

Define identity

Answer 1

Our sense of who we are, and how we see ourselves

Question 2

What are some factors that make up our identity?

Answer 2

race
Accent
Origin
Religion
Culture

Question 3

Define immigration

Answer 3

Imigration is the act of moving to and settling in another country

Question 4

define emigration

Answer 4

The general act of leaving a country with the intention of settling elsewhere

Question 5

What are some pull factors in the UK for immigration?

Answer 5

High standards of living
Peace and political stability
High human rights and freedom
Work and jobs
Freedom of religion
generous benefits and welfare

Question 6

What are the push factors in other countries?

Answer 6

Low standards of living and poverty
Political instability, and Civil War
Dictatorship and lack of freedom
Unemployment and lack of jobs
Lack of healthcare and welfare
religious persecution

Question 7

what ways is the UK population changing

Answer 7

Different religions: Christianity, Islam, Judaism
Sexualities: heterosexual homosexual, bisexual, asexual
Age: the UK has an increasingly aging population
Urbanisation: the UK has an increasingly urban population

Question 8

what are the key principles and values of the UK?

Answer 8

democracy
Tolerance
Rule of law
Constitutional monarchy

Question 9

What are the key main human rights in the UK?

Answer 9

The right to live
The right to freedom of religion
The right to freedom from torture
The right to freedom of association

Question 10

What are the key political rights in the UK?

Answer 10

Right to freedom of speech
Right a privacy of secret ballot
Right to vote
Right to freedom of conscience

Question 11

what are the key moral rights in the UK

Answer 11

The right to an education
The right to freedom of expression, and thought
The right to be credited

Question 12

What are the key legal rights in the UK?

Answer 12

right to a fair trial
Equality before the law
right to representation
right to be innocent until proven guilty

Question 13

what are the key international treaties on human rights?

Answer 13

The UN universal declaration on human rights- sets out basic, universal fundamental human rights / and children which are specific to children, such as the right education and freedom from slavery
The European convention on human rights – set out by the council of Europe, which established basic human right in Europe.

Question 14

what are the different migrants that come to the UK?

Answer 14

Economic migrants – people who move to another country for work and economic opportunity
People seeking asylum – they are asylum seekers that leave the country of origin do to being persecuted which the uk has to accept them to escape danger
Refugees – they are people who have the fear of being persecuted due to their race, religion, nationality, or membership of a particular social group or political opinion.

Question 15

What are the benefits of migration?

Answer 15

economic migrants, help the economy grow through work, tax, shopping and rent
Migrants may have specialist skills and shortage areas, such as doctors or teachers
Diversity tolerance and respect is enhanced through sharing cultures

Question 16

what are the challenges of migration?

Answer 16

Population growth makes demand on housing education, the NHS and may increase unemployment
Rate of pay may reduce if economic migrants work for lower wages
Challenges may cause tension and increase support of pressure groups

Question 17

What are the main sources of migration?

Answer 17

The EU
The Commonwealth

Question 18

What are the effects of inequality?

Answer 18

The gender pay gap– men being paid more than women
Ageism – refusal of some medical treatments to those aged 75 and over
Religious discrimination– workplaces not accommodating for all religions
Gender reassignment discrimination – toilets provided, only for men or women

Question 19

what is the equality act 2010

Answer 19

The equality act 2010 was passed to consolidate. Previous discrimination acts in the UK such as sex and race discrimination.

Question 20

What does the equality act 2010 do

Answer 20

it prevents discrimination, harassment and unfair treatment of individuals within the nine protected characteristics
It protects people in educational establishments, workplaces, public offices, shops, or businesses and public transport

Question 21

What are the characteristics protected by the equality act 2010

Answer 21

age
Religion
Sexual orientation
Race
Disability?

Question 22

What are the role of schools?

Answer 22

Schools play an active role in promoting mutual understanding through policies of inclusivity. Education and extracurricular activities, promote respect of others and equality amongst coaches and religions.

Question 23

How do schools encourage cohesion?

Answer 23

citizenship and RE lessons
Assemblies and religious ceremonies
Peer education
Projects that challenge discrimination
Cultural events like fundraisers and international food days
Learning about religious ceremonies

Question 24

what is the rule of law?

Answer 24

The rule of law is a political ideal that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to the same laws, including lawmakers and leaders. It is sometimes stated simply as “no one is above the law”.

Question 25

What are the three basic principles of the rule of law?

Answer 25

Equality before the law
innocent until proven guilty
Access to justice

Question 26

What are the debates on how rights and freedoms need to be limited for the good of majority?

Answer 26

The the right to privacy – many tabloids intrude the lives of celebrities to gain a story. The news of the world was closed down as one of the journalists, hacked the voicemail of celebrities and missing student Milliy dowler
Freedom of speech – freedom of speech may be misused to promote extremist views for example, Neo Nazi group was identified as a terrorist group and was banned under the terrorist act
Terrors and threats – suspected terrorist can be held and questioned without charge for an extended period of 14 days. This limit is the right of individuals to liberty for the perceived protection for the public.

Question 27

what is the Magna Carta?

Answer 27

A document written by King, John put it into writing that the king and his government were not above the law

Question 28

what are the key principles of the Magna Carta in today’s society?

Answer 28

To acknowledge the rights of an individual and limit, the authoritarian powers of the monarch
To have fairness and limit taxation
That all individuals should have access to justice and free trial
Everyone has to follow the rule above it

Question 29

What is the central government?

Answer 29

Based in Westminster and passes National laws, including international relations, defence, national security, immigration, nuclear energy, broadcasting, taxations, Social Security and has devolved responsibilities for England

Question 30

What are devolved assemblies and parliament?

Answer 30

Such as those of Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland are responsible for national legislation, not covered by Westminster

Question 31

what are regional bodies?

Answer 31

Regional bodies are like the big helpers for a bunch of nearby places. They help plan things like roads and parks, make sure everyone gets what they need, and speak up for the area’s interests to higher-up governments. They also coordinate during emergencies and gather important info to guide decisions.

Question 32

What is the role of the county council?

Answer 32

they are responsible for the county in aspects such as education, the fire service libraries, social care, transport, and highways

Question 33

what are local councils such as district, unitary and borough council

Answer 33

They have responsibilities that include collection of council tax and rates, social housing leisure services, local planning and refuse collection

Local councils such as district, unitary, and borough councils are like neighborhood teams responsible for managing specific areas within a county or city. They handle things like local regulations, budgets, and community services. Think of them as the hands-on managers for your town or district, dealing with day-to-day needs like garbage collection, parks, and local planning permissions.

Question 34

what is the role of the parish and town council?

Answer 34

they are responsible for specific local services such as allotments parks and community centres

Question 35

what are the roles of local council

Answer 35

The local council’s role is to look after your area, like your town or neighborhood. They make decisions about things like parks, roads, and local rules. They’re there to represent you and make sure your area runs smoothly.

Question 36

What are local and county councils factors that affect decision-making when managing the budget to meet the needs of the people?

Answer 36

priority spending on key areas, such as education and social care
Targeting spending for needs specific to local areas such as small towns
Trading off other areas to spend e.g. leisure to create funds for priority spending

Question 37

how does council tax pay for local services?

Answer 37

Council tax is collected by district borough and unitary authorities
The amount a council can collect as council tax is set by the central government
A proportion of the money is sent to areas such as the police and fire services and high maintenance of parks
In every household must pay council tax with costs based on home value
The revenue collected by council can vary depending on the area

Question 38

How does business rates pay for local services?

Answer 38

The amount of business rates paid is determined by the open market rental value of the buildings they operate from
Central government set business rates
Under the local government finance act 2012 local councils were given the power to keep half of the business rates collected in order to encourage new business, perhaps by regenerating a shopping area to attract new retailers
The other half of the money is given to the central government and distributed nationally as grants to council, depending on needs
Businesses such as shops closed down and no longer pay rent that amount reduces

Question 39

how does central government grants pay for local services?

Answer 39

Central government provides grants to local government each financial year
Some of the funds are allocated for services, which must be provided such as education and social care
The money given to each local authority is calculated on the areas need
Local councils have to plan carefully where the funding will be spent

Question 40

How does income from charges and fees pay for local services?

Answer 40

Councils can make charges and fees for some council services
These could include parking fees on council land, and for bulky refuse collection
Charges could include admissions to local leisure centres
There are services that councils are not allowed to charge which includes education, elections, standard, refuse and libraries

Question 41

whats the role of the county council

Answer 41

The county council’s job is to look after a bigger area, like a county. They handle things like roads, schools, and local services for everyone living there. They make sure everything works well across the whole area.