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Citizenship Paper 1 > Theme C > Flashcards

Theme C Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of law?

A

Provide a set of rules that all people in society must follow without exception

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2
Q

What new situations do laws need to deal with

A

Terrorism

Scientific discoveries

Changes In values held by society

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3
Q

What are 3 roles of the law

A

Protect citizens

Settle disputes

Ensure fairness

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4
Q

Give 3 examples of how laws affect our daily lives

A

Must be in education until 18

Must be over 18 to buy alcohol or cigs

Must study maths and English until 16

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5
Q

What are 3 ways the law can help change behaviour

A

Deterrence through punishment for behaviours such as stealing

Rehabilitation

Retribution to a victim or to society

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6
Q

Why are age limits imposed

A

To protect young citizens

To prevent them from indulging in illegal behaviours

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7
Q

What are three rights that laws protect

A

Right to life

Right to a fair and equal trial

Right to freedom of expression

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8
Q

What are the 3 principles of law

A

Equality before the law

All citizens should have access to justice ( right to trial)

Presumption of innocence

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9
Q

What are two threats to access to justice

A

Cuts to legal aid funding

Closure of some local courts

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10
Q

Which two UK countries share legal jurisdiction

A

England and wales
Both of the legal systems follow the principle of judicial precedent

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11
Q

What is one difference with criminal law in England and Wales and Scotland

A

In Scotland in criminal trials juries have a third option of a not proven verdict in addition to the guilty or not guilty verdict of England and Wales

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12
Q

Why doesn’t Scotland have common law?

A

Because they don’t share jurisdiction with England and Wales

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13
Q

What is criminal law?

A

Protecting the public from harm, such as in cases where crimes are committed against a personal property

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14
Q

What are the three types of criminal offences?

A

Summary offences
Triable offences
Indictable offences

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15
Q

What is civil law?

A

Settle disputes between individuals and organisations

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16
Q

What are 3 things civil law covers

A

Disputes

Divorces

Custody

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17
Q

What are the two type of criminal courts and what’s the difference

A

Crown court- deals with indictable offences and the case is brought by the CPS. Max sentence of life.

Magistrates court- deals with summary offences, case is brought by cps and max sentence of 1 year

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18
Q

What are the 4 types of civil court

A

County court, high court, family court and tribunal

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19
Q

What are 3 roles of the police

A

To prevent crime by providing education in schools and in the communities

To deter crime through patrolling in the community

They investigate and collect evidence of crime

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20
Q

what are 3 powers the police have

A

Stop and search

Arrest and enter premises

Detain and charge

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21
Q

What are 3 roles of judges

A

Being in charge of trials

Keeping order in court

Upholding and interpreting the law

22
Q

What are 3 powers that judges have

A

Applying the law

Sentencing and outcomes

Setting precedent

23
Q

What are 3 powers of magistrates

A

Hearing cases

Arrest and sentencing

Transferring cases

24
Q

What is a solicitor

A

Prepares cases for clients and sometimes appears in court, also offers legal advice

25
Q

What does a barrister do

A

To represent their clients in higher courts

26
Q

What are 3 reasons why people can not do jury service

A

If they are in their 3rd trimester

If it is closer to GCSEs when students need their teachers

If they’ve booked a holiday in advance

27
Q

Suggest three ways in which a citizen can be involved in the justice system

A

Becoming a magistrate

Being a juror

Becoming a special constable

28
Q

What is a special constable

A

Volunteers who assist the police, they have the same responsibilities as the police

29
Q

What are 3 rights citizens have when being arrested

A

Right to know reason of arrest

Right to inform of arrest (tell someone they are arrested)

Right to see a solicitor

30
Q

Suggest two reasons why police should respect the rights of people they arrest

A

It upholds principles of justice and fairness

Helps maintain trust and cooperation between police and the community

31
Q

Which issues do county courts deal with

A

Disputes on properties

Small claims of up to 10,000

Cases seeking payment of debt

32
Q

What are the 3 divisions of a high court

A

The queen’s bench division- contractual issues

Family division- custody and divorce

The chancery division- deals with resolution of disputes involving matters such as company law, land law and mortgages

33
Q

What do tribunals deal with

A

Employment
Lands
Pensions
Immigration

34
Q

What are the three key points in a tribunal

A

Cases are heard by a panel of three members

Claimants and respondents give evidence

When all evidence is heard, a decision is given that day, or later in writing

35
Q

What is mediation

A

A trained third party works with disputing parties to help reach an agreement

36
Q

Give 3 reasons why mediation is better than going to court

A

Court is expensive and longer

Disputing parties have more control over the outcome

They can find an outcome that works for them both

37
Q

What is an ombudsman

A

Neutral third party who helps resolve disputes between individuals and organisations

38
Q

What are three differences between how youth courts are run and courts for adults

A

In youth courts, the defendant is referred to by their first name

There must be a guardian or trusted adult present for the defendant in a youth court

There are no jurors

39
Q

What are 3 types of sentences someone under 17 may receive

A

Fines
Community service
Detention and training orders

40
Q

What is rehabilitation

A

Effort made to help individuals who have been in prison reintegrate into society successfully. For example, by providing education, and training to reform offenders

41
Q

What is restorative justice?

A

It aims to repair the harm done by an offenders actions and restore balance . Sometime bye bringing together the victim and the offender to find solutions that address the needs of everyone involved. It emphasises accountability healing and reconciliation. Community sentencing can be an example as offenders will give back to the society

42
Q

What are three roles of the youth offending teams YOT?

A

They work with police health and education teams probation officers, charities, and the community to rehabilitate offenders

They help safeguard welfare and prevent offending dealing with the young person problems

They may attend court with the young person and supervise community service

43
Q

What are three factors that affect crimes statistics?

A

More people reporting crimes

Fewer people reporting crimes

The level of accuracy

44
Q

What are 4 reasons for crimes increasing?

A

Opportunity

Having a disadvantage in life

Rises of unemployment

Misuse of drugs and alcohol

45
Q

What are three reasons for not reporting a crime?

A

Being embarrassed about being a crime victim and not wanting others to know

A lack of trust and confidence in police or the justice system to deal with the offender

They will be treated as a suspect rather than a victim

46
Q

What are three reasons for reoffending?

A

No home or job-prison provides shelter, food and healthcare

They may need to fund a drug addiction

They may learn tricks from offenders in prison and carry out more crime

47
Q

What are three ways crime can be prevented?

A

Providing counselling for drug and alcohol problems

Providing high-quality education

Providing positive opportunities for young people such as youth clubs

48
Q

What are three ways people can be protected against crime?

A

Neighbourhood watch schemes

Security measures such as CCTV

Improving the community, for example increased street lighting and keeping a neighbourhood clean and orderly

49
Q

Give three reasons why punishment is necessary

A

It discourages individuals from reoffending

Helps maintain social order by clearly establishing the boundaries of acceptable behaviour

It provides a sense of justice and closure for victims

50
Q

Give two types of sentences other than prison that can be used to deal with crime in the UK

A

Community services

Electronic tagging

Citizenship Paper 1 (3 decks)

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