Thinking

Question 1

Thinking

Answer 1

The process of using one’s mind actively to form connected ideas

Question 2

Prototypes

Answer 2

The best/most typical example of a group

Question 3

Trial and Error

Answer 3

The process of experimenting with various methods of doing something until one finds the most successful

Question 4

Algorithm

Answer 4

A logical, step-by-step procedure that, if followed correctly, will eventually solve a specific problem

Question 5

Heuristic

Answer 5

A general rule-of-thumb or shortcut that is used to reduce the number of possible solutions to a problem. Usually speedier but more prone to errors than algorithms

Question 6

Insight

Answer 6

A sudden realization of a problem’s solution; the “aha” moment

Question 7

Creativity

Answer 7

The ability to think about a problem or idea in new and unusual ways, come up with unconventional solutions to problems

Question 8

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 8

The doing of an activity for its inherent satisfaction rather than for some separable consequence

Question 9

Convergent Thinking

Answer 9

Looking for the “right answer”

Question 10

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 10

A motivation to participate in an activity based on meeting an external goal, garnering praise and approval, winning a competition, or receiving an award or payment

Question 11

Divergent Thinking

Answer 11

Looking for a unique/creative answer

Question 12

Representative Heuristic

Answer 12

Judging the likelihood of an event based on how well it matches a typical example

Question 13

Availability Heuristic

Answer 13

Judging the likelihood of an event based on readily available personal experiences or new reports

Question 14

Overconfidence Bias

Answer 14

The tendency to be more confident than correct

Question 15

Belief Perseverance

Answer 15

Holding onto a belief even after it has been discredited

Question 16

Confirmation Bias

Answer 16

A preference for information that confirms preexisting positions or beliefs, while ignoring or discounting contradictory evidence

Question 17

Fixation

Answer 17

Having a preoccupation with something, not being able to stop thinking about it

Question 18

Functional Fixedness

Answer 18

The tendency to think of an object as functioning only in its usual way or customary way

Question 19

Framing

Answer 19

Posing a question or wording a phrase in such a way to persuade someone’s thoughts

Question 20

Morphemes

Answer 20

The smallest units of meaning in a language (roots/prefixes/suffixes)

Question 21

Phonemes

Answer 21

The smallest distinctive units of sound used in a language

Question 22

Syntax

Answer 22

The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences

Question 23

Skinner

Answer 23

We learn to speak through association, imitation & reinforcement

Question 24

Chomsky

Answer 24

Proposed that all human languages share a universal grammar - the basic building blocks

Question 25

“Critical Period”

Answer 25

Childhood is a critical period for learning to speak or sign fluently

Question 26

Benjamin Whorf

Answer 26

Language affects how we think

Question 27

William Lutz/Doublespeak

Answer 27

Language designed to alter our perception of reality and corrupt our thinking

Question 28

Jargon

Answer 28

Type of words used by one profession

Question 29

Gobbledygook

Answer 29

Piling on words to overwhelm the audience

Question 30

Euphemism

Answer 30

Making something negative sound positive

Question 31

Inflated Language

Answer 31

Making something ordinary sound extraordinary

Question 32

Washoe (chimpanzee)

Answer 32

Learned basic signs, began creating own phrases, and signed spontaneously

Question 33

eddddddde4Kanzi (chimpanzee)

Answer 33

Learned language while watching his adoptive mother be language trained