Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Flashcards
What neck muscles does the brachial enter the outlet?
Anterior and Middle Scalenes
The subclavian artery run posterior to what muscle?
Anterior Scalene
What is True Neurogenic TOS? Characteristics
- True Anatomical Abnormality
- Paresthesia and Pain along medial border of arm
- (+) EMG findings
- Muscle Atrophy (intrinsics)
Disputed TOS Characteristics
- No bony anomaly
- (-) EMG findings
- No Muscle atrophy
What can cause Disputed TOS?
Intermittent compression of the neurovascular bundle
- Poor posture
- Occupation
Disputed TOS aggravating factors?
- Repetitive or sustained overhead activity
- Activities that depress the shoulder girdle
Periods/Time during the day indicative of Disputed TOS?
Pain at rest and at night
3 most common etiologies for TOS?
- Faulty Posture
- Compressive Neuropathy
- Entrapment
Faulty Posture associated with TOS?
- Increased Thoracic Kyphosis
- Scapular Protraction
- Forward Shoulders
Which muscles hypertrophy causing compressive neuropathy?
- Scalenes
- Pectoralis Minor
Which Rib Variation is associated with TOS?
First Rib Elevation
Wearing what items can lead to TOS/Closure of the Costoclavicular Space?
- Carrying a heavy suitcase
- Backpack
- Shoulder bag
PT Interventions
- Postural Education
- Strengthening/Endurance Exercise
- Scapular Stabilization
- Manual Therapy/Stretching/Joint Mobilization
Which muscle does the subclavian vein pass by?
Runs anterior to the anterior scalene
