Threat and Error Management

Question 1

What is the primary reason a checklist is used in the cockpit?

A. so crew do not have to memorise items and therefore have spare mental capacity.
B. to make things faster.
C. to ensure the safety of the flight.
D. so you can detect errors to aircraft systems.

Answer 1

C. to ensure the safety of the flight

Question 2

Basic human errors in aviation stem from four primary causal categories:

A. judgement errors.
B. sequential errors.
C. design errors.  
D. maintenance errors.  
E. manufacturing errors.  
F. operating errors.

Answer 2

C. design errors
D. maintenance errors
E. manufacturing errors
F. operating errors

Question 3

You decide to fly low over a house just for the sake of it. This is an example of what type of violation?

A. exceptional violation due to the belief that you’ll get away with it.
B. situational violation due to the belief that you’ll get away with it.
C. exceptional violation because such action isn’t strictly enforced.
D. routine violation because such action isn’t strictly enforced.

Answer 3

A. exceptional violation due to the belief that you’ll get away with it

Question 4

Internal threats: arise as a result of flight-crew error. Crew member errors account for approximately two thirds of aviation crashes. Five major error sources contribute to internal threats, that include which of the following?

A. time errors.
B. communication errors.  
C. unexpected events/risks.
D. procedural errors.  
E. proficiency errors.

Answer 4

B. communication errors
D. procedural errors
E. proficiency errors

Question 5

Skipping over the landing gear down item on the before-landing checklist results in a gear-up landing. This is an example of what type of error?

A. mistake due to rule-based fault.
B. lapse due to skill-based fault.
C. lapse due to rule-based fault.
D. mistake due to skill-based fault.

Answer 5

B. lapse due to skill-based fault

Question 6

________ threats generally originate higher up in the aviation system and trickle down to the flight line. They are usually not directly attributable to an accident, but instead tend to be contributing factors. __________, professional and ___________ culture, along with vague policies, contribute to these types of threats.

A. overt; national; organisational.
B. latent; national; organisational.
C. latent; airline; organisational.
D. overt; airline; organisational.

Answer 6

B. latent; national; organisational

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of execution countermeasures?

A. The captain sets the environmental tone, but the pilots work together to effectively analyse possible threats and risks to flight.
B. The flight crew collaborates on known aspects of the upcoming flight but also plan for any unexpected developments.
C. Flight crew members scan and monitor indications during the flight, employing automation when necessary, and they prioritise tasks throughout the flight.
D. As each flight is different, the flight crew constantly review contingencies and possible outcomes of their decisions and the effects on the flight.

Answer 7

C. Flight crew members scan and monitor indications during the flight, employing automation when necessary, and they prioritise tasks throughout the flight

Question 8

There are many threats to the safe operation of a flight, both external and internal, but if the pilot has inadequate knowledge, this is an example of what type of threat?

A. internal operational error.
B. internal procedural error.
C. external proficiency error.
D. internal proficiency error.

Answer 8

D. internal proficiency error

Question 9

Pilot errors can be broken down into four major types: What are they?

A. judgement errors.
B. errors of coordination.
C. errors of commission.
D. sequential errors.  
E. errors of omission.  
F. time errors.

Answer 9

C. errors of commission
D. sequential errors
E. errors of omission
F. time errors