Additional Vascular Diseases Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is thrombophlebitis?
Inflammation associated with thrombosis in veins
Management of thrombophlebitis
- topical NSAIDs for mild
- oral NSAIDs for severe
- topical heparinoids
- compression stockings
What is cervical rib?
Supernumerary fibrous band arising from the seventh cervical vertebra
Complication of cervical rib
Thoracic outlet syndrome
What is thoracic outlet syndrome?
Disorder involving compression of brachial plexus, subclavian artery o
Clinical presentation of vascaulr thoracic outlet syndrome -
- Subclavian vein compression > painful diffuse arm swelling + distended veins
- subclavian artery compression > painful arm claudication +/- ulceration + gangrene
Treatment of cervical rib
Surgical division of rib
What is subclavian steal syndrome?
Reversal of blood low in vertebral artery due to proximal subclavian artery stenosis or occulsion > verterbrobasilar insufficiency
Presentation of subclavian steal syndrome?
- Dizziness
- Syncope
- Arm claudication
- diplopia + visual loss
- dysphagia
Definitive investigation of subclavian steal syndrome
CT angiogram
Management of subclavian steal syndrome
- atorvastatin + clopidogrel
- smoking cessation
- weight loss
- optimise diabetic control
- endovascular or bypass surgery
- percutaneous angioplasty +/- stenting
What is patent ductus arteriosus?
- acyanotic congenital heart defect
- connection between pulmonary artery + descending aorta
Who is patent ductus arteriosus more common in?
Premature babies
Babies born at high altitude
Maternal rubella infection in 1st trimester
Features of patent ductus arteriosus
- left subclavicualr thrill
- machinery murmur
- large volume, bounding, collapsing pulse
- wide pulse pressure
- heaving apex beat
What is coarctation of the aorta?
Congential narrowing of descending aorta
Associations of coarctation of the aorta
- Turner’s syndrome
- bicuspid aortic valve
- berry aneurysms
Features of coarctation of the aorta
- hypertension
- radio-femoral delay
- mid systolic murmur
- notching of inferior border of ribs
What is Turner’s syndrome?
Female chromosomal disorder due to presence of only one sex chromosome
45, XO
Features of Turner’s syndrome
- short stature
- widely shaped nipples
- bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of aorta
- primary amenorrhoea
- high arched palate
- raised gonadotrophin levels
- horseshoe kidney
Genotype of Turner’s syndrome
45, XO
