Tolerance + autoimmunity

Question 1

Autoimmunity results due to a failure of what?

Answer 1

Immunological tolerance

Question 2

What are the 2 types of tolerance?

Answer 2

Central tolerance

Peripheral tolerance

Question 3

Central tolerance develops in which 2 locations?

Answer 3

Thymus
Bone marrow

Question 4

When is central tolerance most active?

Answer 4

During foetal development and early life, declining after birth

Question 5

By what 2 mechanisms does central tolerance address lymphocytes which recognise self-antigens?

Answer 5

Clonal deletion (by apoptosis)

Clonal anergy (by regulatory T cells)

Question 6

By what mechanism does peripheral tolerance address lymphocytes which recognise self-and benign antigens?

Answer 6

Clonal suppression

Question 7

Which gene is associated with increased risk of ankylosing spondylitis?

Answer 7

HLA-B27

Question 8

Which gene is associated with increased risk of SLE?

Answer 8

HLA-DR2

Question 9

Which gene is associated with increased risk of Sjogren’s syndrome?

Answer 9

HLA-DR3

Question 10

What are the 2 most common autoimmune conditions?

Answer 10

Graves’ disease

Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 11

What is the pathology of Grave’s disease?

Answer 11

Autoantibodies against TSH receptor

Question 12

Which gene is associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 12

HLA-DR4

Question 13

Which gene is associated with increased risk of Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 13

HLA-DR4

Question 14

The HLA-MHC gene complex is located on which chromosome?

Answer 14

Chromosome 6

Question 15

Is autoimmunity mainly T cell or B cell mediated?

Answer 15

B cell mediated

Question 16

Which antibody is primarily tested for in Sjogren’s?

Answer 16

Anti-La

Question 17

What test, used to measure tear production, is useful in the diagnosis of Sjogren’s syndrome?

Answer 17

Schirmer’s test