Topic 1

Question 1

What’s a compound

Answer 1

2 or more different elements chemically combined in fixed proportion

Question 2

Mixture is

Answer 2

Different elements/compounds not chemically combined

Question 3

Filtration is

Answer 3

Separating insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 4

Crystallisation

Answer 4

Separating a soluble solid from a liquid (faster by gently heating under water)

Question 5

What is distillation

Answer 5

Evporate liquid by heating (turns into a vapour)
Then Condense the vapour back to a liquid by cooling

Question 6

Fractional distillation

Answer 6

Separation of a liquid into fractions differing in boiling points

Question 7

What’s plum pudding

Answer 7

Atoms is a ball of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it

Question 8

What’s alpha scattering model

Answer 8

Gould foil fired at by alpha particles (P+)

Question 9

What did alpha scattering do

Answer 9

Most particles straight through (atoms mostly empty space, some deflected(centre of atom must have positive charge) , some bounced back (mass concentrated in centre)

Question 10

What is the nuclear model

Answer 10

Electrons found at edge , electrons orbit at different distance

Question 11

What’s atomic number

Answer 11

Bottom -> protons/electrons

Question 12

What’s mass number

Answer 12

Protons + neutrons

Question 13

Isotopes :

Answer 13

Atoms of same element
But different number of neutrons

Question 14

What’s ions

Answer 14

Atoms with an overall charge because ions have lost / gained electrons

Question 15

Dobeneier periodic table

Answer 15

Triads (elements with similar properties occured in 3’s)

Question 16

Newlands octaves

Answer 16

Arranged in order of increasing atomic weight (every 8th element reacts similarly) -> sometimes elements with different properties were grouped together

Question 17

Mendeleev

Answer 17

Increasing atomic weight , switch order of elements to fit patterns In Same group , left gaps for undiscovered elements

Question 18

Give me 3 facts about noble gases (group 0)

Answer 18

Unreacrive as atoms are stable (fuller outer energy level)
BP lower than room temp
Boiling point increases as you move down

Question 19

When metals react :

Answer 19

Lose electrons to achieve a full other energy level = stable electronic structure (forms positive ion)

Question 20

What happens to group 1 atoms and to oxygen atoms when they react

Answer 20

G1 loses one electron
Oxygen gains two electrons
So two metal (same) react with one oxygen atom
To form metal ions and oxide ions

Question 21

Why’s it get more reactive as you move down group 7

Answer 21

More shells
So outer electron is further from nucleus
So weaker attraction between nucleus and outer shell
So outer electron is more easily lost

Question 22

What does every group 7 (halogen) form

Answer 22

A molecule consisting of 2 atoms joined by a covalent bond (F^2)

Question 23

What happens to size + mp/bp as you move down group 7

Answer 23

increases

Question 24

When group 7 elements react with other nonmetals

Answer 24

They form covalent compounds

Question 25

When group 7 metals react with other metals they form

Answer 25

Ionic compounds (halogen gains one electron from metal atom) = ion with -1 charge

Question 26

Why’s it less reactive sss you move down group 7

Answer 26

Atoms gain electrons less easily
As grater distance between outer shells and nucleus compared to more reactive atom
Weaker attraction between nucleus and outer shell
So outer electron less attracted to positive nucleus