Topic 1 - Key Concepts In Biology Flashcards
What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic one
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes do not
What is the function of the nucleus
Stores the cell’s hereditary material and coordinates the cell’s activities
What is the function of the cell membrane
Is a double layer of lipids and proteins which is selectively permeable which means it controls what enters and exits the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria
Main function is to perform cellular respiration. Takes in nutrients from the cell, breaks it down and turns it into energy
What is the function of ribosomes
Ribosomes are a cell structure that makes protein. Protein is need for function such as repairing damage or directing chemical processes
What is the function of the cell wall
Is the protective, semi-permeable outer layer of a plant cell. Gives the cell strength and structure and to filter molecules passing in and out
What is the function of chloroplasts
Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide to produce food for the plant
What is the function of the vacuole
Three main functions:
- To provide the plant with support or rigidity
- A storage area for nutrients and waste matter
- Can decompose complex molecules
What is the function of chromosomal DNA
Found loose in the cytoplasm. Contains the prokaryote’s chromosomes and is confined to the cell it began in
What is the function of plasmid DNA
Small closed-circles of DNA that can move from one bacterium to another providing variation
What is the function of the flagella
These can rotate or move in a whip-like motion to move the bacterium
What organelles are inside an animal cell
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Ribosomes
- Mitochondria
- Cell Membrane
- Sometimes a vacuole but not as big as a plant cell’s
What organelles are inside a plant cell
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Ribosome
- Mitochondria
- Cell membrane
- Chloroplast
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
What organelles and structures are found inside a bacterium
- Chromosomal DNA
- Plasmid DNA
- Flagellum
- Cell membrane
- Cell wall
In which ways is a sperm cell specialised
Acrosome-Enzymes at the tip to break down the egg
Haploid Nucleus-Contains the genetic material required for fertilisation
Middle piece-Is packed with mitochondria to release energy needed
Tail-Enables the sperm to swim to the egg
