Topic 1.6- Developments in Europe Flashcards
Feudalism
An economic system where land was what determined wealth.
Manorial System
It was where the monarch would give lords and ladies a piece of land in exchange for military protection and farming the land.
Serfs
A social class where lower-class people or people with great debts would become bound to the land that they had to work to repay their debts. (Indentured servitude)
Three-field System
A system that provided more food. Farmers would rotate their crops around 4 fields. 3 would be different crops, and the last would be resting to replenish the land.
Estates-General
A group of people, both nobles and commoners, who acted as advisors to the king of France. They had no real power and this group was established by King Phillip IV.
Lay Investiture Controversy
A controversy that asked if a non-religious leader, like a King, could pick church officials.
Great Schism
The split of the Christian Church into the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Primogeniture
The English law that the eldest son was heir to the estate and the title.
Crusades
The religious conquest that’s goal was to reclaim the Holy Land for the church from the Muslims.
Marco Polo
An Italian explorer in the late 13th century who went to China and Brought back stories, increasing curiosity about Asia.
Bourgeoisie (Burghers)
Merchants that rose to the middle class because of increased demand for far-away goods.
Little Ice Age
A cooling climate that didn’t allow many crops to grow that lasted around 500 years.
Antisemitism
The feeling of hatred towards Jews.
Renaissance
Meaning ‘rebirth’. A time period when people were interested in arts, sciences, and literature.
Humanism
An intellectual movement that emphasized personal achievement.
