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Biology > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What produces bile?

A

liver

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2
Q

What chemical elements are in carbohydrates?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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3
Q

What chemical elements are in lipids?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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4
Q

What chemical elements are in proteins?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulphur, phosphorus and nitrogen

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5
Q

A starch is made up of what molecules?

A

glucose

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6
Q

A fat molecule is made up of what molecules?

A

fatty acid and glycerol molecules

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7
Q

A protein is made up of what molecules?

A

amino acids

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8
Q

What breaks down carbohydrates?

A

carbohydrase

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9
Q

What breaks down fat molecules?

A

lipase

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10
Q

What breaks down protein molecules?

A

protease (pepsin)

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11
Q

What does starch travel as? (what form)

A

as a chain

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12
Q

What’s one molecule of starch called?

A

amylose/amylopectin

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13
Q

How many fatty acids are attached to one glycerol?

A

3

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14
Q

What will happen to the pH when you break lipid down?

A

the pH will go down as you are releasing acids.

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15
Q

high pH is acidic or alkali?

A

alkali

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16
Q

low pH is acidic or alkali?

A

acidic

17
Q

What solution do you use to break down glucose?

A

Benedict’s solution

18
Q

What solution do you use to break down starch?

A

iodine

19
Q

Definition of catalyst

A

speeding up things

20
Q

what speeds up reactions?

A

enzymes

21
Q

what is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction called?

A

activation energy

22
Q

What happens to the reaction when enzymes reduces the activation energy?

A

the reaction proceeds more easily

23
Q

What is the name of the place where a substrate molecule can fit in?

A

an active site

24
Q

How do the substrate and active site fit?

A

they have complementary shapes

25
Q

what are biological catalysts? and what’s their advantage

A

enzymes and they increase the rate of reactions without being used up themselves

26
Q

what is the protein molecules chain made of?

A

amino acids

27
Q

Why are the amino acid chain folded?

A

to produce a special shape which enables other molecules to fit into the enzyme

28
Q

What is the definition of denature

A

the change of the structure of an enzyme causing the active site to change shape so it is no longer complementary to the substrate causing the reaction so slow and stop.

29
Q

what can denature be caused by

A

high temperature and change of pH

30
Q

what is an enzyme

A

it’s a protein molecule which acts as a biological catalyst

Biology (1 decks)

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