Topic 2

Question 1

Define Macromolecule and give examples

Answer 1

Organic polymers made up of repeating units of smaller molecules such as proteins
They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 2

Define Polymer

Answer 2

A very large molecule composed of a chain of many similar or identical monomers, which have been bonded together

Question 3

Define Vitamin

Answer 3

Organic compounds that aren’t large enough to be considered macromolecules

Question 4

What are proteins made of?

Answer 4

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur
Their subunits are amino acids
They are polymers and macromolecules

Question 5

What are Lipids made of?

Answer 5

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
They are subunits in themselves due to being composed of distinct chemical groups of atoms
They are macromolecules but not polymers

Question 6

Inorganic molecule

Answer 6

Small molecules that do not contain all of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen

Question 7

Organic molecule

Answer 7

Molecules which contain all of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 8

Condensation Reaction

Answer 8

The formation of a polymer in an endergonic reaction in which water is released

Question 9

Hydrolysis Reaction

Answer 9

The breaking down of a polymer into it’s monomer constituents in an exergonic reaction in which water is required

Question 10

What are nucleic acids made of?

Answer 10

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Their subunits are nucleotides
They are macromolecules and polymers

Question 11

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 11

A negatively charged phosphate group
A five carbon sugar (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA)
An organic nitrogen-containing compound called a base

Question 12

What are the bases in nucleotides?

Answer 12

Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil

Question 13

What are purines?

Answer 13

Double ringed bases
Always pair with Pyrimidines
Adenine and Guanine

Question 14

What are Pyrimidines?

Answer 14

Single ringed bases
Always pair with purines
Thymine, Cytosine and Uracil

Question 15

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 15

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Their subunits are monosaccharides
They are macromolecules and polymers

Question 16

Structure of Chromosomes

Answer 16

The DNA double helix wraps around a protein called a histone
Eight histone molecules wrapped in DNA is called a nucleosome
Many nucleosomes condensed together are known as chromatin
The chromatic fiber is condensed until the shape of chromosomes is made

Question 17

Transfer RNA

Answer 17

A single folded chain of RNA that transports specific amino acids to the ribosome for incorporation into the growing polypeptide chain

Question 18

Messenger RNA

Answer 18

A single chain of RNA that contains the coded information in codons that specify the order of amino acids to be joined together to make a polypeptide chain

Question 19

Ribosomal RNA

Answer 19

Many chains of rRNA together with proteins make up a ribosome.