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Pharm Final Exam > Topic 20 > Flashcards

Topic 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Glucocorticoids…what do they do?

A

Promote gluconeogenesis, protein catabolism, and lipolysis.

–This allows for critters to respond to overwhelmingly stressful situations

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2
Q

Glucocorticoids are known as the _____ hormone because the do what?

A

Stress Hormone

–Vasoconstriction and glucose release

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3
Q

how do Glucocorticoids interact with insulin?

A

they are a strong insulin antagonist because they cause insulin resistance

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4
Q

what effect do Glucocorticoids have on WBCs

A

Decrease WBC’s #’s and functionality

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5
Q

All Glucocorticoids are what? KNOW

A

immunosuppressive even as a single dose!

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6
Q

how do Glucocorticoids effect inflammation?

A

POTENT anti-inflammatory (NOT an analgesic!)

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7
Q

Glucocorticoids are what type of steroid?

A

these are catabolic steroids as opposed to anabolic steroids

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8
Q

Glucocorticoids cause what kind of inhibition

A

Causes “feedback inhibition” of further glucocorticoid and thyroid-stimulating hormone production

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9
Q

what drug is is the “archetypical” glucocorticoid and given a value of “1” when comparing anti-inflammatory and salt-retaining properties

A

Cortisol=Hydrocortisone

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10
Q

Cortisols half-life?

A

1-2 hours

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11
Q

Glucocorticoids drug names (5)

A 
Hydrocortisone (Solu-Cortef)
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Methylprednisolone (Medrol) 
Prednisolone
Prednisone
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12
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

(Medrol)

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13
Q

Dexamethasone

A

(Decadron)

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14
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

(Solu-Cortef)

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15
Q

Immunuosuppressives (Anti-Rejection) 2 GENERAL categories are?

A

Induction Drugs

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16
Q

Induction Drugs=

A

Used at the time of transplantation

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17
Q

Maintenance Drugs=

A

Required for long-term immunosuppression

18
Q

what are the Five Major Pharmacological Classes of Immunosuppressives?

A 
#1) Glucocorticoids
#2)Calcineurin Inhibitors
#3)mTOR Inhibitors
#4)Antiproliferative Agents
#5) Monoclonal Antibodies
19
Q

Most side-effects of any immunosuppressive category is seen when? KNOW

A

when given at high doses over the long term!

20
Q

what do Glucocorticoids mainly do?

A

profoundly suppress T-lymphocytes

21
Q

what is Calcineurin?

A

major T-cell activator

22
Q

Calcineurin Inhibitors drug names (2)

A

Cyclosporin (Sandimmune)

Tacrolimus (Prograf)

23
Q

Cyclosporin

A

(Sandimmune)

24
Q

Tacrolimus

A

(Prograf)

25
Q

what are some effects of Cyclosporin

A

Dose-dependent NEPHROTOXCITY
immune suppression
hepatotoxicity
cardiotoxicity

26
Q

what drug is Orders of magnitude more potent, More nephrotoxic, less cardiotoxic, and More efficacious
than Cyclosporin

A

Tacrolimus

27
Q

what do mTOR Inhibitors do?

A

prevents maturation and proliferation of T-cells

28
Q

mTOR Inhibitors drug names (1)

A

Sirolimus (Rapamune)

29
Q

Sirolimus

A

(Rapamune)

30
Q

how do Antiproliferative Agents work?

A

By preventing proliferation of cells, rapidly dividing cells (like B and T-lymphocytes) don’t multiply

31
Q

Antiproliferative Agents drug names (3)

A 
Azathioprine (Imuran)
Mycophenolate mofetil (Cellcept)
Mycophenolate sodium (Myfortic)
32
Q

Azathioprine

A

(Imuran)

33
Q

Mycophenolate mofetil

A

(Cellcept)

34
Q

Mycophenolate sodium

A

(Myfortic)

35
Q

what drug Works best on acute rather than chronic immunogenic response

A

Azathioprine

36
Q

what drug is the Prototypical “early” immunosuppressant

A

Azathioprine

37
Q

what drug has mainly Mainly GI and bone-marrow suppression as side effects

A

Mycophenolate mofetil

38
Q

what drug is Designed to be a “slower-releasing” and
“enterically-pleasing” form of Mycophenolate Mofetil
.

A

Mycophenolate Sodium

39
Q

what do Monoclonal antibodies contain? KNOW

A

ONLY one type of antibody that is derived from a single cloned B-lymphocyte

40
Q

Monoclonal Antibodies are Directed against a single cell-surface protein of target cells such as?

A

Antithymocyte Antibodies

Antilymphocyte antibodies

41
Q

Antilymphocyte antibodies drug name

A

Muromonam-CD3 (Othoclone OKT3)

42
Q

Muromonam-CD3

A

(Othoclone OKT3)

Pharm Final Exam (8 decks)

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