TOPIC 5: MATTER Flashcards
The different states of matter
solid, liquid and gas
Properties of solid
- least amount of energy
- they vibrate
- fixed position (particles are closely packed together)
- very dense
- strong force of attraction
Properties of liquid
-weaker forces of attraction
- less dense
- more energy
- particles slide over each other
Properties of gas
- weakest force of attraction
- least dense
- most energy
- particles are far apart from each other
thermal energy transferred when changing state is known as…
latent heat
the molecules within a substance contains 2 types of energy
kinetic or potential energy
specific heat capacity
the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1°C
low specific heat capacity: heats and cools down quickly
high specific heat capacity: heats ad cools down slowly
Relationship between temperature and pressure
- the higher the temperature, the greater the pressure
- as temperature increases, gas molecules gain more kinetic energy (travel faster)
- gas molecules will hit the wall more often and increase pressure
Formula for pressure
P=F/A
p: pressure (Pa)
F: force (N)
A: area (m2)
Boyle’s Law
P1V1=P2V2
p: pressure
v: volume
Explain Boyle’s Law
when volume increases, the pressure decreases
when volume decreases, the pressure increases
Boiling point (definition)
the temperature at which a liquid boils and turns into gas
Melting point
the temperature at which a solid melts and turns into liquid
latent heat of fusion
solid to liquid OR liquid to solid
latent heat of vaporisation
liquid to gas OR gas to liquid
