Topic 6

Question 1

what is an automated system

Answer 1

combination of software and hardware that are designed to work automatically

Question 2

components of automated system

Answer 2

microprocessor, sensor, actuator

Question 3

what are sensors

Answer 3

input devices that detect properties from physical environment

Question 4

what does a microprocessor do

Answer 4

process data ad take the necessary action based on programming

Question 5

what are actuators

Answer 5

output devices, control motos, wheel…

Question 6

all advantages of automated systems

Answer 6

much faster
safer
long term less expensive
higher productivity
more consistant results

Question 7

dis of automated systems

Answer 7

can be subjetc to cyberattacks
expensive to install
require specialist maintenance

Question 8

where can robots be find

Answer 8

medialc procedures, prodution of food and products, self-driving cars robot vacuum cleaners, toys

Question 9

abilities of robots

Answer 9

can sense surroundings via sensors
have a degree of movement
they’re programmable

Question 10

do robots have AI

Answer 10

most don’t as they do repetive tasks instead of requiring human characteristics

Question 11

are chat bots robot

Answer 11

no they’re programs

Question 12

independent and dep. robots

Answer 12

ind= can replace human activity totally, have no human direct control
dep= have a human who is interfacing directly with robot, partially replace human activity

Question 13

robots in industry

Answer 13

uses: making and packing products
They are more accurate,
Able to work without breaks
Can work in hazardous environments
Industrial robots are used in car manufacturing

Question 14

robots in agricolture

Answer 14

They may be used in sowing seeds, applying fertiliser or harvesting crops
* GPS helps in navigation of tractors
* Drones may be used to survey fields

Question 15

robots in medicine

Answer 15

Robotic arms are able to make incisions, remove tissue and stitch patients
* Where they are currently used they are monitored by a human surgeon
* Robots are used as they are more accurate and don’t have slight tremors like humans do
they can disinfect rooms, less risk of doctor being infected

Question 16

domestic robots

Answer 16

have sensors and cameras to not bump into objects, autonomous vacuum cleaners, personal assistants are connecte dto the internet

Question 17

automated transport systems

Answer 17

+ Planes have sophisticated auto-pilot systems that are able to take-off, fly and land the plane
* Many trains, especially light rail networks, do not have drivers
* Self-driving cars are currently in development and already available in some cities

Question 18

generic benefits of robots

Answer 18

Reduces cost / need of humans to do task
Works faster / more efficiently / accurately (e.g. hand tremors) / more consistently
Can work in dangerous environments / less risk for humans
Can work all the time - more efficient

Question 19

generic drawbacks of robots

Answer 19

The cost of purchasing the robot (or replacing it)
Jobs being lost as a result of robot
The robot being unreliable / less reliable than a human
The robot may not as good at job as the human/ loss of contact with human

Question 20

what is AI

Answer 20

deals witth simulation of intelligent huma behaviour by computer

Question 21

some tasks that AI can perform

Answer 21

visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages

Question 22

types og AI

Answer 22

narrow, general, strong

Question 23

what is inductive reasoning

Answer 23

ability to draw reasoning conclusions based on given data/situations( uses patterns)

Question 24

what is deductive reasoning

Answer 24

number of correct facts are built up to form a set of rules which can be applied to other problems

Question 25

examples of AI devices

Answer 25

smart home devices(interact by recognising vocal commands) chatbots (ind reaasoning) autonomous cars

Question 26

expert systems

Answer 26

is a computer program that simulates a human expert, behaviour eg. website selecting the the best career for someone based on questions made up of knowledge base, a rule base, an inference base and an user interface.

Question 27

what do knowledge and rule base do

Answer 27

store sets of facts and rules. (e.g. IF / THEN) IF you move Queen THEN move pawn

Question 28

what is user interface

Answer 28

how expert systems interact with user, mainly yes or no answers, questions based on previous answers

Question 29

what does interference engine do

Answer 29

control steps taken to solve a problem.

Question 30

what does interference engine include

Answer 30

Forward chaining - give a number of facts to the system which the inference engine then uses to reach new facts Backward chaining – give a goal and then determine the facts that are needed to reach a goal

Question 31

adv expert systems

Answer 31

1. helps you to get fast accurate answers 2. improve decision makng 3. don't get emotinal fatigued 4. can solve challenging issues 5. cuts expense of consulting experts

Question 32

what is machine learning

Answer 32

where a program is able to automatically adapt its own processes or data. Instead of giving the program rules, the program collates a large amount of data, and then makes its own rules. Training data (the larger the more accurate the system will become) it is is fed into the system so that it can learn to identify certain patterns/features/rules

Question 33

areas where machine learning is essential

Answer 33

algorhitmic trading(finance) computer vision (facial recognition) biology(DNA, brain tumor detector) language processing manufactoring