topic 6- mutations

Question 1

mutation

Answer 1

changes in the DNA that can result in no protein or an altered protein being synthesised

Question 2

single gene mutation

Answer 2

alterations of DNA nucleotide sequence

Question 3

missense mutation

Answer 3

one amino acid being changed for another

Question 4

nonsense

Answer 4

the substituted nucleotide results in premature stop codons which results in a shorter polypeptide

Question 5

splice site

Answer 5

a nucleotide is substituted at a site where introns are normally removed

Question 6

substitution

Answer 6

a single nucleotide is replaced with a different nucleotide

Question 7

insertion

Answer 7

a single nucleotide added to a DNA sequence

Question 8

deletion

Answer 8

a single nucleotide removed from a DNA sequence

Question 9

frameshift mutation

Answer 9

causes all of the codons and all of the amino acids after the mutation to be changed

Question 10

chromosome structure mutations

Answer 10

involves changes to the number or sequence of genes in a chromosome

Question 11

duplication

Answer 11

a section of chromosome is added from it’s homologous partner

Question 12

deletion

Answer 12

a section of chromosome is removed

Question 13

inversion

Answer 13

a section of chromosome is reversed

Question 14

translocation

Answer 14

a section of chromosome is added to another chromosome which is not it’s homologous partner