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Chemistry > Topic 7 > Flashcards

Topic 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an alkane?

What is the formula?

A

C-C single bonds

Cn H2n+2

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2
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of organic compounds that react in a similar way

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3
Q

What are the first 5 alkanes?

A 
Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Butane C4H10
Pentane C5H12
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4
Q

What happens to the properties of hydrocarbons as chains get shorter?

A

More runny, less viscous
More volatile, turns into a gas at a lower temperature
Lower boiling point
More flammable

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5
Q

What are the reactants and products for a complete combustion reaction?

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

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6
Q

What is crude oil made up of?

What is fractional distillation and what is it used for?

A

Lots of different hydrocarbons

Seperates different hydrocarbons
Oil is heated until most of it has turned to gas
Gases enter a fractionating column
Column has a temperature gradient (hot at the bottom and gets cooler)
Longer hydrocarbons have high boiling points so condense back to liquids and drain out early on (vice verse for shorter ones)
End up with crude oil mixture separated into different fractions
Each fraction contains a mixture of hydrocarbons that all contain a similar number of carbon atoms so have similar boiling points

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7
Q

What is the approximate number of carbons in the hydrocarbons in…

Heavy fuel oil
Diesel oil
Kerosene 
Petrol
LPG(liquified petroleum gas)
A 
40
20
15
8
3
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8
Q

What is crude oil used for?

What is cracking?

A

Fuel
Petrochemical industry- polymers, solvents, lubricants, detergents

Splitting up long chain hydrocarbons

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9
Q

What is an Alkene?

What is the formula?

What are the first 4 Alkenes?

A

C=C double bond

Cn H2n

Ethene
Propene
Butene
Pentene

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10
Q

What are the properties of alkene reactions?

What are the reactants and products of a combustion reaction?

A

Burn with smoky flame in air due to incomplete combustion
Results in smoky yellow flame

Alkene + oxygen -> carbon + carbon monoxide +carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

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11
Q

What is an addition reaction?

What is addition of hydrogen known as?

A

Carbon double bond in alkenes will open up and leave a single bond
A new atom is added to each carbon

Alkene + x-y -> Alkane

Hydrogenation

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12
Q

What is the product of Ethene + bromine?

What do alkenes do to bromine water?

A

dibromoethane

Turn it from orange to colourless as the double bonds open to react with the Bromine

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13
Q

What happens when steam is mixed with alkenes?

A

Alcohols

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14
Q

What are plastics made from?

What are polymers?

What are addition polymers?

A

Long chain molecules / polymers

Lots of small molecules, monomers, joined together

Monomers with a double covalent bond
Unsaturated monomer molecules/ alkenes open up their double bonds and join together to form polymer chains
Pressure and catalyst

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15
Q

What is an alcohol?

What is the formula?

What are the first five alcohols called?

A

Have an OH functional group at the end

Cn H2n+1 OH

Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
Pentanol
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16
Q

What are the properties of alcohols?

What are they used for?

What is the fermentation reaction?

A 
Flammable
Soluble in water
Neutral pH
React with sodium 
Can be oxidised by reacting with oxygen to produce a carboxylic acid

Solvents and fuels

      Yeast  Sugar ——> ethanol + carbon dioxide
17
Q

What is a carboxylic acid?

What are the first 5 carboxylic acids?

A

Has a COOH functional group

Methanoic
Ethanoic
Propanoic
Butanoic
Pentanoic
18
Q

What is an ester?

What is the equation for the formation of an ester?

A

Have a COO functional group
Formed from an alcohol and carboxylic acid

                            Acid catalyst  Alcohol + carboxylic acid ———> ester + water
19
Q

What is ethyl ethanoate made from?

A

Ethanoic acid and ethanol

20
Q

What is condensation polymerisation?

How many products does it make?

A

Involves monomers which contain different functional groups reacting together forming a polymer chain

Two types
Polymer and small molecule

21
Q

What is a naturally occurring polymer?

What groups are amino acids made from?

What type of polymers are DNA molecules made from?

A

Amino acids / Proteins / DNA / sugars

Amino and carboxyl
NH2 COOH

Nucleotide polymers

Chemistry (5 decks)

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