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IGCSE Chemistry > Topic 7: Acid, Bases & Salts > Flashcards

Topic 7: Acid, Bases & Salts Flashcards

1
Q

How do acids react with metals?

A

Acids react with some metals to produce a salt and hydrogen gas

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2
Q

Write the word and chemical equation of the reaction between magnesium and sulfuric acid.

A

magnesium + sulfuric acid —-> magnesium sulfate + hydrogen

Mg + H2SO4 —–> MgSO4 + H2

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3
Q

Write the word and chemical equation of the reaction between iron and sulfuric acid.

A

iron + sulfuric acid —–> iron sulfate + hydrogen

Fe + H2SO4 ——-> FeSO4 + H2

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4
Q

Name two types of bases.

A

Metal oxides
Alkalis

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5
Q

How do bases react with acids?

A

When they react with acids, a neutralisation reaction occurs.

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6
Q

Write the word and symbol equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide.

A

sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide —-> potassium sulfate + water

H2SO4 (aq) + 2KOH (aq) ——-> K2SO4 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

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7
Q

Write the word ans symbol equation for the reaction between hydrogen bromide and magnesium hydroxide.

A

hydrogen bromide + magnesium hydroxide ——-> magnesium bromide + water

Mg(OH)2 (aq) + 2HBr (aq) ——–> MgBr2 (aq) + 2H2O (l)

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8
Q

How do acids react with metal carbonates?

A

They react to from a salt, water and carbon dioxide.

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9
Q

Write the word and symbol equation for the reaction between nitric acid and sodium carbonate.

A
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10
Q

Write the word and symbol equation for the reaction between calcium carbonate and sulfuric acid.

A
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11
Q

How do ammonium salts and alkalis react?

A

They react to produce salt, water and ammonia.
NaOH and KOH can be used as strong alkalis for this reaction to occur.

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12
Q

Write the word and symbol equation for the reaction between ammonium chloride and sodium hydroxide.

A
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13
Q

Tell me the colour of blue litmus in acids.

A

Red

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14
Q

Tell me the colour of blue litmus in alkalis.

A

Blue

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15
Q

Tell me the colour of methyl orange in acids.

A

Red

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16
Q

Tell me the colour of methyl orange in alkalis.

A

Yellow

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17
Q

Tell me the colour of thymolphthalein in acids.

A

colourless

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18
Q

Tell me the colour of thymolphthalein in alkalis.

A

Blue

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19
Q

Tell me the colour of phenolphthalein in acids.

A

Colourless

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20
Q

Tell me the colour of phenolphthalein in alkalis

A

Pink

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21
Q

Tell me the colour of red litmus in acids.

A

Red

22
Q

Tell me the colour of red litmus in alkalis

A

Blue

23
Q

Define base.

A

A substance that can react with acids and neutralise them

24
Q

Give examples of bases.

A

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides and metal carbonates

25
Q

Are bases soluble?

A

Many bases are insoluble but if a base does dissolve in water we call it an alkali

26
Q

Give examples of alkalis.

A

sodium hydroxide
potassium hydroxide
aqueous ammonia

27
Q

Tell me the difference between bases and alkalis.

A

Bases do not dissolve in water but bases that dissolve in water are alkali

All bases are not alkali but all alkalis are bases

Bases neutralise acids while alkalis release OH- ions (a proton acceptor)

28
Q

What happens when acids are in water?

A

They dissociate to form H+ ions.

29
Q

What are acids?

A

proton donors

30
Q

What are alkalis?

A

proton acceptors

31
Q

What are strong acids?

A

Acids that have a low ph (0-3) and fully dissociate into H+ ions in water

32
Q

Give examples of strong acids.

A

Hydrochloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Nitric acid

33
Q

What are weak acids.

A

Acids that have a higher pH (4-6) and partially dissociate into H+ ions in water

34
Q

Give examples of weak acids.

A

Ethanoic acid
Citric acid
Carbonic acid

35
Q

Are strong acids good conductors of electricity?

A

Yes

36
Q

Are weak acids poorer conductors of electricity?

A

Yes

37
Q

What is the pH a measure of?

A

the concentration of H+ ions in a solution

38
Q

What pHs do acids have?

A

A pH < 7

39
Q

What pHs do alkalis have?

A

a pH > 7

40
Q

What is a pH 7?

A

A neutral pH

41
Q

What are basic oxides?

A

Oxides that can neutralise an acid.
Metals react with oxygen to form basic oxides

42
Q

Give examples of basic oxides.

A

Copper (II) oxide
Iron (III) oxide
Magnesium oxide

43
Q

What are acidic oxides.

A

Oxides that dissolve to form acids
Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides

44
Q

Give examples of acidic oxides.

A

Carbon dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Phosphorus pentoxide

45
Q

What are amphoteric oxides?

A

An oxide that reacts with both acids and alkalis

46
Q

Give examples of amphoteric oxides.

A

aluminium oxide
zinc oxide

47
Q

Write the symbol equation for the reaction between sodium hydroxide and aluminium oxide.

A

Al2O3 + 6NaOH —–> 2Na3AlO3 + 3H2O

48
Q

What are neutral oxides?

A

Oxides that don’t react with acids or bases

49
Q

Give examples of neutral oxides.

A

Carbon monoxide
Dinitrogen oxide

50
Q

Tell me the solubility rules.

A
  1. All nitrates are soluble in water
  2. All chlorides, bromides and iodides are soluble in water, except those of lead and silver
  3. All sulfates are soluble in water except barium, calcium and lead sulfates
  4. All carbonates are insoluble, except those of potassium, ammonium and sodium
  5. All hydroxides are insoluble, except sodium, potassium and ammonium and calcium (partially)

IGCSE Chemistry (13 decks)

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