Topic 8 Cardiovascular system

Question 1

What is the function of the cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Its job is to transport oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, hormones, and nutrients around the body

Question 2

What side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood and what part receives oxygenated blood?

Answer 2

The right side receives deoxygenated while the left side receives oxygenated

Question 3

What is the difference between the pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit?

Answer 3

It is The pulmonary circuit carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back while the systemic carries blood to all other tissues and back to the heart

Question 4

What is the anatomy of the heart

Answer 4

The right atrium and ventricle handle deoxygenated blood than the left atrium and ventricle that handle oxygenated blood as well as the interventricular septum

Question 5

What is the position of the heart

Answer 5

The heart is left of the midline, deeper than the sternum in the same area as the mediastinum

Question 6

What is the superior border, apex, and inferior border

Answer 6

The superior border is the superior vena cava and the great blood vessels, the apex is the tip of the heart where the left ventricle is, and the inferior border is the right ventricle

Question 7

what is the pericardium and what is it composed of

Answer 7

The pericardium is the serous membrane that surrounds the heart it restricts movement of the heart is composed of the fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium

Question 8

what is the coronary sulcus and the interventricular sulcus name the two interventricular sulcus

Answer 8

These are the places where the coronary arteries and veins are. There is the anterior and posterior interventricular sulcus.

Question 9

What are the functions of the heart valves

Answer 9

They function to make sure blood flows in one smooth direction and they open and close based on the pressure around them

Question 10

What are the major types of valves

Answer 10

There is the atrioventricular valve located between the atrium and ventricle then there are the semilunar valves which are between the ventricle and blood vessels

Question 11

What are the two atrioventricular valves and what side are they on and what do they do? Also what are they connected to

Answer 11

The mitral valve is on the left side and the tricuspid is on the right side. They function to prevent any backflow into the atrium they are connected through chordae tendinae which is connected to papillary muscle

Question 12

What are the two semilunar valves called and where are they located and what is their function?

Answer 12

The aortic valve is on the left and the pulmonary valve is on the right side. They function prevent backflow from the major blood vessels back into the ventricle

Question 13

What are incompetent valve and valvular stenosis?

Answer 13

An incompetent valve is a valve that doesn’t close properly and valvular stenosis is when the valve becomes hardened

Question 14

What is the difference between systole and diastole

Answer 14

Systole is when the heart is contracting and diastole s when the heart is relaxing think dilation

Question 15

What is a myocardial infarction

Answer 15

This is when there is a blockage in the coronary blood vessels

Question 16

What are the tunics of arteries and veins

Answer 16

They have the tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

Question 17

What are the three types of arteries and what is their makeup

Answer 17

The elastic artery is the biggest then the muscular than the arteriole

Question 18

What are elastic arteries and what tissue do they have most of and why

Answer 18

Elastic arteries are the biggest arteries and are made of mostly elastic arteries because of high blood pressure after the heart

Question 19

What are Muscular arteries and what is different about them

Answer 19

Muscular arteries are the second-largest arteries made of smooth muscle and elastic fibers. They have more smooth muscle

Question 20

What is an arteriole

Answer 20

An arteriole is the smallest type of artery and is made of a few layers of smooth muscle and can control blood flow into capillaries

Question 21

What are capillaries

Answer 21

These are the smallest blood vessels made of a single layer of tunica intima. It is where metabolic exchange occurs.

Question 22

What are the capillary bed and precapillary sphincters

Answer 22

These are the capillary blood vessels fed by the metarteriole and the control of the precapillary sphincter flow of blood into the capillary bed.

Question 23

What are the three types of capillaries and what do they do?

Answer 23

There is the continuous which is most abundant, fenestrated which has pores for fluid exchange, and the sinusoids which have large gaps for large molecules

Question 24

What are the functions of the veins

Answer 24

They drain the capillaries, return blood to heart, and are blood reservoirs

Question 25

What’s the difference between venules and veins

Answer 25

Venules are smaller than veins while veins are larger than venules and have valves in them to prevent blood from pooling