Topic 8: How are genetic changes generated and inherited? Flashcards
Are mutations passed to off spring?
Yes
Importance of mutations?
- genetic diversity
- passed onto offspring
- can cause disease
- most mutations are neutral/deleterious
- genetic mapping and screening
- good for microbes but not necessarily for us
Are DNA replications semi-conservative?
Yes
Two causes of mutation
Spontaneous mutations and induced mutations
4 types of mutation
- single base change
- deleterious/insertion
- DNA replication slippage
- translocations
What cuts the damaged DNA strand at two places?
Nucleus enzyme
What is a common cause of DNA damage?
UV radiation
What fills in the missing nucleotides, using the undamaged strand as a template?
Repair synthesis by a DNA polymerase
What seals the free end of the new DNA to the old DNA making the new strand complete?
DNA ligase
Stages of Mitosis in order
- G2 of interphase
- prophase
- pro-metaphase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
- cytokinesis
In what stage of mitosis are sister chromatids connected by adhesion?
Metaphase
In what stage of mitosis do sister chromatids lose cohesion and the sister chromatids separate?
Anaphase
What are the cell cycle checkpoints?
What is Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK)?
It is a catalytic subunit and requires associated regulators called cyclin for full activity.
What drives cell progression?
The activity of the CDK cyclin compound
