Topic B4

Question 1

Darwin’s theory

Answer 1

Theory of evolution by natural selection

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

Slow and continuous change of organisms from one generation to the next

Question 3

Natural selection

Answer 3

The process by which characteristic gradually becomes more or less in a population

Question 4

What supports Darwin‘s theory?

Answer 4

Antibiotic resistant bacteria

Question 5

Fossils that provide evidence for human evolution

Answer 5

Ardi
Lucy
Turkana Boy

Question 6

Ardi

Answer 6

4.4 million years old
Feet:Ape-like big time for climbing
Limbs:Ape-like 
Brain size:chimpanzee

Question 7

Lucy

Answer 7

3.2 million years old
Feet:Arched for walking know a ape-like big toe
Limbs:between human and ape
Brain size:bit bigger than chimpanzee

Question 8

Turkana boy

Answer 8

1.6 million years old
Feet, limbs and brain size: human like

Question 9

Ways to date tools

Answer 9

Structural features and rock layers

Question 10

How stone tools became more complex

Answer 10

1.Simple pebble tools used to scrape meat from bones
2.Rock shape to make more complex tools to hunt
3.Flint tools, pointed for use

Question 11

Classification

Answer 11

Organising living organisms into groups based on their features

Question 12

Five kingdoms

Answer 12

-Animals
-plants
-fungi
-protists
-prokaryotes

Question 13

Modern classification system

Answer 13

Now organism genes’ can be analysed- the more similar the base sequence of a gene the more closely related the organisms

Question 14

Three domains organisms are now split into before being split into the five kingdoms

Answer 14

-bacteria (true bacteria)
-archaea (different type of prokaryotic cell) 
-eukarya (including protists, fungi, plants and animals)

Question 15

Selective breeding

Answer 15

Breeding plants or animals for particular characteristics

Question 16

Stages of selective breeding

Answer 16

1.Individuals with desired characteristics bred together
2.Repeated over generations
3.Eventually all offspring have desired characteristics

Question 17

Benefits of selective breeding

Answer 17

Agriculture:crops and animals can be bred to produce bigger yields e.g. more meat
Medicine:can be used in medical research

Question 18

Risks of selective breeding

Answer 18

-Less genetic variation in population means it could be wiped out by new disease
-Breeding closely related animals can cause health problems

Question 19

Genetic engineering

Answer 19

Cutting a gene responsible for useful characteristic from one organisms genome and putting it into another

Question 20

Benefits of the Genetic engineering

Answer 20

Agriculture:can make crops resistant to herbicides
Medicine:GM bacteria can produce human insulin which is used to treat diabetes

Question 21

Risks of genetic engineering

Answer 21

-Some GM animals have health problems
-GM crops can negatively affect food chains