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The World: A Brief Introduction by Robert Hass > Topic: Globalization > Flashcards

Topic: Globalization Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the global passenger volume?

(2023)

A

8.6 billion passengers

https://aci.aero/2023/09/27/latest-air-travel-outlook-reveals-2024-to-be-a-milestone-for-global-passenger-traffic/

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2
Q

How many refugees are there?

A

25-30 million

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3
Q

What is the value of goods traded?

A

$20 trillion

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4
Q

Define geopolitics

A

the competition among countries for power and influence

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5
Q

What term is used in international relations to describe the spreading of military technology or systems?

A

Proliferation

p173

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6
Q

Differentiate between vertical and horizontal proliferation

A

Vertical: A country adding to or improving its existing capability
Horizontal: A country adding a new category to its arsenal

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7
Q

How many countries have nuclear weapons?

A

Nine

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8
Q

What is the (minority) view that proliforation is a good thing?

A

Acts as a deterrent (like it did during the Cold War)

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9
Q

Why is proliforation (likely) dangerous?

A
  • Deterrence only works if arsenal is big enough to survive the first attack
  • Incentives for preemptive strikes
  • May fall into the wrong hands

p174

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10
Q

What were the main points of the Non-Proliforation Treaty (NPT) of 1970?

5 points

A
  • Nuclear weapon states not to help others get nuclear weapon capabilities
  • Nuclear weapon states to move towards ridding themselves of them
  • Non nuclear weapon states should not produce them
  • Access to nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is guaranteed
  • Non-nuclear weapon states must allow for inspections by IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)
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11
Q

Who did not join the NPT?

A

Israel, India, Pakistan

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12
Q

Who left the NPT?

A

North Korea

Left in 2003

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13
Q

In what way does the IAEA lack teeth?

A

It can inspect only those facilities admitted by the country. It is based on an honour system

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13
Q

What’s the difference between natural uranium and enriched uranium?

A

Enriched uranium has higher percentage of the isotope Uranium-235

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14
Q

What were the names of the two atomic bombs used against Japan?

A

Little Boy
Fat Man

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15
Q

What other elemnt (apart from Uranium) can be used for atomic bombs?

A

Plutonium

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16
Q

How is uranium typically enriched nowadays?

A

Gas centrifuge

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17
Q

What’s the difference in materials between weapon and energy atomic use cases?

A

The enrichment levels of uranium for weapons and nuclear energy are significantly different:

Nuclear Weapons: Uranium used in nuclear weapons is highly enriched, typically containing 90% or more of the fissile isotope Uranium-235 (U-235). This high level of enrichment is necessary to achieve the critical mass required for a nuclear explosion.

Nuclear Energy: In contrast, uranium used in nuclear power plants for energy production is low-enriched. The enrichment level of U-235 in this uranium is usually between 3% to 5%. This level is sufficient to sustain a controlled nuclear chain reaction for energy production but too low for the explosive chain reaction necessary in nuclear weapons.

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18
Q

What’s JCPOA?

A
  • Joint Comprehesnive Plan of Action
  • 2015
  • Iran accepts limits on its limits to produce/store fuel for nuclear bomb
  • Most sanctions removed from Iran
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19
Q

Is the USA part of JCPOA?

A

It pulled out in 2018
Biden has expressed interest in rejoining if Iran complies with the deal (it is currently beyond its limits)

20
Q

Which 9 countries have nuclear weapons?

A

USA
China
Russia
France
UK
India
Pakistan
Israel
North Korea

21
Q

Which countries have given up their nuclear weapons?

A

South Africa - late 1980’s (b/c of sanctions)
Ukraine (inherited weapons with breakup of Soviet Union)
Libya (sanctions and threat of attack)
Iraq

22
Q

Who are the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council?

A

USA
China
Russia
France
UK

23
Q

How many international migrants are there in the world?

A

281m

https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/migration

24
Q

How many people have been forcibly displaced (within home country or abroad)?

A

71m

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25
Q

Which countries select immigrants based on educational attainment, skills, and/or wealth.

A
  • Canada
  • Australia
  • New Zealand
  • USA (lesser extent)

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26
Q

Which country has the most immigrants, and how many?

A

USA at 51m

Next is Germany at 16m

https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/immigration-by-country

27
Q

In what ways can immigration help a country?

A
  • Bringing in enough working-age people to improve ratios to non-working-age people
  • Major source of innovation and talent: Almost 45 percent of companies in the 2019 Fortune 500—a list of America’s biggest companies—were founded or co-founded by an immigrant or the child of an immigrant.

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28
Q

60% of all current refugees come from which 3 countries?

A
  • South Sudan
  • Syria
  • Afghanistan

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29
Q

What is the cornerstone of the 1951 Refugee Convention?

A

Non-Refoulement: The cornerstone of refugee law is the principle of non-refoulement, which prohibits countries from returning refugees to a country where they face serious threats to their life or freedom. This is considered an obligation under international law.

30
Q

Does a country have to accept refugees?

A

While the principle of non-refoulement is a legal obligation, there is no international law that obliges countries to grant asylum to every refugee. The decision to recognize someone as a refugee and the choice to grant asylum (or a similar protective status) ultimately rests with the individual country.

31
Q

Which EU law of 2018 gives individuals rights over their data?

A

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

32
Q

What is the world population?

A

Near 8 billion

(7.888 billion)

33
Q

What’s the main reason behind world population growth?

A

Increase in life expectancy (it is more than double compared to a century ago)

33
Q

By how much has world population grown?

A

x4 compared to a century ago

p209

34
Q

What’s the country with the highest life expectancy? And what is it?

A

Japan - 84

35
Q

How many people die each year?

A

67 million

(2022)

36
Q

What’s the opposite of an infection disease?

A

NCD = non-communicable disease

37
Q

What are some examples of NCD’s?
(4)

A
  • cardiovascular disease,
  • respiratory diseases,
  • cancers,
  • and diabetes

p211

38
Q

What factors go into the concept of “devlopment”

A
  • economic growth
  • relative to population increases
  • distribution of wealth
  • quality of life

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39
Q

Which country has the highest GDP per capita, and what it it?

A

Monaco - $234K

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita

40
Q

What’s the GDP per capita in the USA?

A

$80k

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita

41
Q

What’s the GDP per capita in Israel?

A

$53k

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita

42
Q

What’s the GDP per capita in the UK?

A

$49k

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita

43
Q

Which country scores highest on Human-Development-Index (HDI)?

A

Norway

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44
Q

Which country scores lowest on the Human Development Index?

A

Niger

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45
Q

What percentage of the world are living in poverty?

A

10%

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46
Q

What percentage of the world is literate?

A

85%

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47
Q

How many people have access to the internet?

A

5.2 billion

The World: A Brief Introduction by Robert Hass (16 decks)

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