topic test 01/02/24

Question 1

society in minature - durkheim

Answer 1

provides children with necessary secondary socialisation, learn how to navigate society

Question 2

specialised division of labour

Answer 2

dividing work into a series of tasks assigned to different groups (classes)

Question 3

value consensus

Answer 3

societies have a common set of beliefs and values to work towards

Question 4

social solidarity

Answer 4

interdependence between individuals in a society, enhancing the lives of others

Question 5

universalistic standards

Answer 5

everyone is judged the same, regardless of class/race/ethnicity

Question 6

particularistic standards

Answer 6

standards that differ depending on the society (differ depending on class/race etc)

Question 7

achieved status

Answer 7

status that has been earned based on merit etc

Question 8

ascribed status

Answer 8

assigned to an individual no matter their successes etc (born with it eg sister)

Question 9

meritocracy

Answer 9

a society where people get rewards for what they achieve rather than their wealth or class

Question 10

human capital

Answer 10

economic value of a worker’s ability and skill

Question 11

role allocation

Answer 11

‘sifting and sorting’ people into roles they will later go on to perform

Question 12

durkheim

Answer 12

education serves the needs of society by helping pupils develop specialist skills and creating ‘social solidarity’

Question 13

parsons

Answer 13

human nature is made, not born, children follow what they are taught in the home and in school, depending on their classes

Question 14

davis and moore

Answer 14

social stratification - ranking of various social groups on a scale
social inequality is inevitable in society as it performs a beneficial function for society

Question 15

superstructure

Answer 15

the ideologies that dominate a particular era

Question 16

cultural reproduction

Answer 16

culture that has been conserved and inherited from the past, transferred onto future generations

Question 17

ideological state apparatus

Answer 17

controlling the conditions of production by making people follow the ruling class ideology

Question 18

legitimation

Answer 18

an ideology becomes legitimate by its attachment to the norms and values within a society

Question 19

the myth of meritocracy

Answer 19

achieving social mobility through success regardless of class/gender/ethnicity etc

Question 20

oppression

Answer 20

prejudice and institutional power that create a system that regularly discriminates against some groups and benefits some groups

Question 21

obedience

Answer 21

a person accepts instructions from an authority figure

Question 22

hidden curriculum

Answer 22

a set of lessons which are learned but not openly intended e.g. norms, values and beliefs

Question 23

correspondence principle

Answer 23

education mirrors the workplace in its organisation and rewards systems

Question 24

hierarchy

Answer 24

ranking of members in social groups based on power, influence, or dominance they exhibit

Question 25

fragmentation

Answer 25

lack of connections between a society and the grouping of is members

Question 26

‘avin a laff’

Answer 26

restricted code - working class language, working class children are less likely to want educational success, view school as ‘a laff’

Question 27

althusser

Answer 27

schools are part of the ‘ideological state apparatus’

Question 28

illich

Answer 28

schools are a repressive institution with the aim of teaching obedience

Question 29

gramsci

Answer 29

imposing a bourgeoisie value system ensures its dominance/‘hegemony’

Question 30

willis

Answer 30

in depth study of ‘the lads’ questioning about how working class kids ‘learned to labour’

Question 31

bowles and gintis

Answer 31

correspondence principle, education mirrors the workplace

Question 32

dependency culture

Answer 32

the state undermines individual responsibility, the lower classes have no incentive to earn money due to benefits

Question 33

individual responsibility

Answer 33

human beings should instigate their own actions, they have the responsibility to earn a living and shouldn’t rely on benefits

Question 34

privatisation

Answer 34

institutions are transferred from state funded organisations to being owned by private companies

Question 35

marketisation

Answer 35

institutions are encouraged to compete with each other to gain business, more like private companies

Question 36

competition

Answer 36

a contest between institutions for resources and business

Question 37

profit motive

Answer 37

the drive to take part in activities that will provide economic gain