Topic1 Differentiation&stemcells Flashcards
Embryonic stem cells
Found in blastocytes
Pluripotent- can become any type of specialised cell
Adult tissue stem cells
Found in bone marrow
Multi potent- can become a limited range of specialised cells
Differentiation
The process by which a cell develops more specialised functions
Controlled by the specialised functions switching on/off genes that produce proteins characteristics for that cell
Eg. RBC WBC Platelets
All from red bone marrow
Somatic cells
- Form from different types of body tissue
- Example of of somatic cell&cross ur produced- nerve cell forming nervous tissue
- Two examples of somatic cells- epithelial&bone cartilage cells
- Body organs are formed from a mixture of these tissues
- The nucleus of a somatic cell divides by mitosis to maintain the diploid chromosome number
Germline cells
- Nucleus of gremlins cell can divide by mitosis to produce more gremlins cells
- Nucleus of gremlins cell can divide by meiosis to produce haploid gametes
- Mutations in gremlins cells can be passed on to off Spring whereas mutations in somatic cells are not
Stem cell research
- Uses stem cells as a model to study how diseases develop OR for drug testing
- Therapeutic uses include repairing diseased damaged organisms
Eg. Skin grafts, corneal transplants - Controversial-people disagree about using embryonic stem cells
Cancer
Abnormal cells which do not respond to regulatory signals and devise excessively
Tumour
A mass of abnormal cells
Secondary Tumour
If abnormal cells break away and spread through out the body
stem cells
Unspecialised cells which can continue to divide to make copies of themselves or become specialised cells
- Differentiation occurs when unspecialised cells become specialised
- Stem cells are I specialised cells that can divide to form more stem cells
- Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into all cell types
- Tissue stem cells give rise to fewer cell types
