Topic1.1 - Cells

Question 1

Function of a cell membrane

Answer 1

Controls entry and exit of substances from the cell.

Question 2

Function of the chromosomes

Answer 2

Thread like structures composed of DNA that carry genes.

Question 3

Function of the nuclear membrane

Answer 3

Encloses the genetic material inside the nucleus

Question 4

Function of cytoplasm, a solution of chemicals dissolved in water.

Answer 4

Site of chemical reactions in the cell

Question 5

Function of the nucleus

Answer 5

Control centre of the cell, contains all of the cell’s genetic material that it needs to function

Question 6

Function of the cellulose cell wall

Answer 6

Provides strength and shape to the cell

Question 7

Function of the chloroplasts

Answer 7

Contain the green pigment, chlorophyll to absorb light for photosynthesis.

Question 8

Function of the permanent vacuole

Answer 8

Stores water, salt and sugars.

Question 9

Function of the mitochondrion

Answer 9

Power station of cell, releases energy in usable forms

Question 11

What are the advantages to cells of having all these separate compartments?

Answer 11

Each compartment has a different function and it keeps the cell organised.

Question 12

Each cell is enclose by a … which is very delicate but selectively … .

Answer 12

Membrane

Permeable

Question 13

What’s different about the bacterial cells, compared to the plant and animal cells?

Answer 13

They do not contain a nucleus: instead they have 1 large circular chromosome and extra small rings of DNA called plasmids.

They have a cell wall but it’s not made of cellulose.

They are much smaller.

Question 14

Why is iodine or methylene blue used on the onion epidermis?

Answer 14

It will stain the cells, making them easier to see.

Question 15

If the onion tissue is more than one cell thick…

Answer 15

You wouldn’t get a clear enough picture of the cells, making it harder to see individual cells

Question 16

Why shouldn’t you use the coarse focus lens when on high power?

Answer 16

You could easily damage the lens and it would be expensive to replace

Question 17

As you increase the magnification, the …… … …… decreases, so you see…

Answer 17

Field of view

So you see less of the specimen but in more detail

Question 18

Measurement order of scale

Answer 18

μm

x1000

mm

x1000

m

x1000

km

Question 19

Magnification equations

Answer 19

Actual size =

magnification

Magnification =

actual size

Question 20

Organisation of cells in increasing level of complexity

Answer 20

Cell
Tissue 
Organ
Organ system
Organism

Question 21

Cell definition

Answer 21

Basic unit of life

Question 22

Tissue definition

Answer 22

A group of cells with a similar structure and function

Question 23

Organ definition

Answer 23

A collection of tissues that have amalgamated to carry out a specific task

Question 24

Organ system definition

Answer 24

A collection of organs

Question 25

Organism definition

Answer 25

A collection of organ systems

Question 26

Cell example

Answer 26

Sperm cell

Question 27

Tissue example

Answer 27

Connective tissue

Question 28

Organ examples

Answer 28

Brain
Lung
Scapula
Eye
Leaf

Question 29

Organ system example

Answer 29

Skeletal

Question 30

Organism example

Answer 30

Rat

Question 31

Animal growth tends to involve growth…

Plants tend to grow at…()

Answer 31

All over their bodies

The tips of roots and shoots (the apices)

Question 32

Only certain areas of the plant have the ability to grow (……)

Answer 32

Meristems

Question 33

………… ……… are made up of unspecialised cells that have the ability to become…

Answer 33

Meristematic tissues

Any type of plant cell

Question 34

In animals, cells become ………… at an early stage of development.

Answer 34

Specialised

Question 35

Stem cells can…

and are therefore of interest in developing…

Answer 35

Grow into any type of body cell

New treatments for diseases

Question 36

Give two reasons why certain groups of people may be against stem cell research

Answer 36

(i) it could allow the cloning of humans

(ii) harvesting the cells may result in the abortion of the embryo

Question 37

Diffusion definition

Answer 37

The random molecular movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of lower concentration along a concentration gradient.

Question 38

Diffusion is important for:

Answer 38

(i) the movement of gases into and out of leaves during photosynthesis
(ii) the movement of oxygen from the air spaces in the lungs into the blood stream
(iii) when small food molecules diffuse from the gut into the surrounding cells

Question 39

Stem cell sources

Answer 39

Umbilical cord blood
Adult
Embryo

Question 40

Umbilical cord blood stem cell ethical concerns

Answer 40

No major ethical concerns

Question 41

Adult stem cell ethical concerns

Answer 41

The technology could allow humans to be cloned

Question 42

Embryo stem cell ethical concerns

Answer 42

Harvesting the cells may result in the abortion of the embryo

Question 43

Umbilical cord blood - limitations of cell obtained

Answer 43

must be obtained soon after birth, can be difficult to identify the specific cells that will be of use

Question 44

Adult - limitations of cell obtained

Answer 44

Not all cell types can be produced
Cells have a limited life span
Cells can be hard to grow

Question 45

Embryo - limitations of cell obtained

Answer 45

No limitations, all cell types should be able to be generated under the correct conditions