Topic5 Human Genomics

Question 1

Systematics

Answer 1

Compare human genome sequence data and geneomes of other species to provide information on evolutionary relationship origins

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 2

Study of individuals geneomes may aid understanding of neutral/harmful mutations and the complex nature of the disease

Question 3

Polymerase chain reaction

Answer 3

Amplification of DNA in vitro

Question 4

DNA probes

Answer 4

Arrays of probes used to detect the presence of specific sequences in samples of DNA

Short single strands of DNA complimentary to a specific sequence

Fluorescent labelling allows detection

Question 5

Sequencing DNA

Answer 5

Sequence of bases can be determined for individual genes and entire geneomes

Question 6

Things that must be present for pcr

Answer 6

Many of the four free nucleotides of DNA

Primers

DNA polymerase

Question 7

Primers

Answer 7

Complimentary to a specific target sequence of bases at the two ends of the region of DNA that is to be amplified

Question 8

DNA polymerase

Answer 8

Heat tolerant enzyme

DNA polymerase synthesises two complimentary strands of DNA by joining the free DNA nucleotides together

Question 9

Stages of pcr

Answer 9

1. Melting- DNA firstly heated to separate the two strands
2. Annealing- DNA cooled allowing the primers to bind complimentary target sequences
3. Heat tolerant DNA polymerase replicates the DNA using the primer as a starting point

Question 10

Bio formatics

Answer 10

Using a computer to identify DNA sequences

Analyses DNA to look for coding sequences similar to known genes, start/stop sequences

Can identify base sequences which correspond to amino acid sequences in a protein